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UPV Theses and Dissertations

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    Heavy metal concentrations in sediments from Batan Bay and its tributaries
    Andrada, Mary Royce D. (Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-04)
    The concentration of three heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu) in sediments from Batan Bay and its tributaries were determined in order to assess the degree of contamination of sediments in the said area. The samples were digested following the Method 3050B of US Environmental Protection Program (EPA, 1996). The heavy metal concentrations were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS). Results show that the heavy metal concentrations ranged from n.d. - 2.57 mg/kg dry weight (dw) for Cd; 16.44-143.02 mg/kg dw for Cu; and 3.18-28.53 mg/kg dw for Pb. Sediment sample collected from BTN #10 has the highest Cd concentration while sediment sample collected from BTN 052 which is a rice field in Batan, Aklan registered the highest Pb and Cu concentrations. Three sediment quality guidelines (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Canadian Sediment Quality Guideline and Hong Kong Sediment Quality Guideline) were employed to assess the metal contamination in sediments. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in all sites did not exceed the maximum permissible limits set by the three guidelines. As for Cu, BTN 052 exceeded the Upper Chemical Exceedance Level set by Hong Kong SQG. Correlation analysis showed that there is a significant correlation (p <0.01) between Pb and Cu indicating possible similar source input. Special attention must be given to BTN 052 since the levels of the studied heavy metals are high in this area. The results can be used as basis for the pollution level of sediments from Batan Bay and its tributaries. Special consideration should be given to BTN 052 since all of the test metals are significantly high in this area. It is also suggested to in identify the primary sources of metal contamination in this area.
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    Willingness-to-pay for the conservation of Mararison Island and its surrounding waters in Culasi, Antique
    Aguirre, Angelluz C.; Jauod, Ferly Mae P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)
    The island of Mararison in the municipality of Culasi, Antique Province is rich in natural resources and its beautiful scenic view has been attracting tourists. Overtime, the number of tourists has increased, making the island and its surrounding waters vulnerable to degradation. Protection and conservation of the island and its surrounding waters will promote its sustainability. This study was conducted to determine the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of the local residents of the municipality of Culasi for the conservation of Mararison Island and its surrounding waters. The study also described the socio-demographic and economic characteristics, level of awareness, knowledge and attitude towards the conservation and the reasons for the willingness to pay of the residents for the conservation of the island and its surrounding waters. The Contingent Valuation Method was used to determine the study participants’ WTPs. Binary logit regression was conducted to identify the factors affecting the study participants’ WTP. A pilot-tested interview schedule was used to collect data from 300 randomly selected study participants in 10 barangays in the municipality of Culasi in January to April 2016. The results showed that 86 percent of the study participants were willing to pay (with adjustment to certainty) for the conservation program. Without adjustment to the level of certainty, the annual household income, the randomly assigned bid prices, and knowledge index were the variables that affect the willingness-to-pay of the study participants. With adjustment to the level of certainty, the age, educational attainment (elementary and high school), knowledge index and randomly assigned bid prices were the variables that affect the willingness-to-pay of the study participants. The annual mean WTP of the study participants with and without adjustment to the level of certainty were Pl66 and Pl40, respectively. This study can be used by the municipality of Culasi as basis in planning for the conservation program of the Mararison Island and its surrounding waters.
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    Antibiotic resistance patterns of selected pathogenic bacteria isolated from water and bottom sediments in the Iloilo tidal inlet (Iloilo River)
    Agustin, Eda Mae S.; Cabrias, Ligaya April May S.; Fuentebella, Elaine Joyce V.; Gestuveo, Rommel J.; Lagon, Raymond Anthonn Kriztee J.; Saldajeno, Cypruz Anne L.; Tunguia, Saer Martin J.; Villanueva, Regene Patricia Natividad V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-03)
    In recent years, antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has become a public health concern. Although little is known of its environmental implications the presence of both potentially pathogenic bacteria and fecal coliform in rivers and other bodies of water raises the question of whether resistance transfer may actually occur in bodies of water. In relation, the Iloilo River for one has experienced changes in both ecological and sanitary conditions. With this threatening problem of both ecological and fecal pollution, the river could harbor microflora that could be of public health concern. Using the Kirby-Bauer Method, this study generally aims to determine the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolates (E. coli, S. typhi and V. cholerae) from water and bottom sediment samples from selected sampling areas in Iloilo River, Iloilo City. Stock cultures of bacterial isolates were obtained from the UPV-National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (UPV-NIMBB) and were subjected to antibiotic resistance analysis using 12 different antibiotic classes. Results showed varying degrees of resistance in all of the sampling sites and species. Most isolates were highly resistant to penicillin and oxacillin and least resistant to ciprofloxacin. Multidrug-resistant isolates were also observed in all of the sampling sites and species. More isolates from bottom sediments were observed to be highly resistant than the isolates from water samples. Pearson correlation revealed that the antibiotic resistance patterns among the different species isolated from the different sources and sampling sites appeared to vary in a systematic manner indicative of a similar mechanism of antibiotic resistance development.