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UPV Theses and Dissertations

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    Physico-chemical analysis and assessment of river waters discharged by sugar milling companies in Negros Occidental
    Alger, Niña Xiamima A.; Arinzol, Shaira S.; Bobon, Steve Paolo P.; Daquilanea, Mikkaela C.; de Leon, Sarah C.; Hilado, Paolo C.; Lastica, Ariel C.; Manderico, Regine Viel D. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-03)
    This cross-sectional study was focused on the river waters discharged by six sugar milling companies in Negros Occidental. These companies utilize river water in order to operate and may alter the characteristics of the waters. This study aims to analyze and assess the physical characteristics, namely pH, oil and grease, temperature, salinity, turbidity, and color, and the chemical characteristics, namely biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, phosphorus, and lead content, of these waters in order to identify the alterations upon its usage, detect abnormal characteristics, and eventually determine possible environmental and health hazards. Three samplings were done for each river’s downstream and upstream portions. The following tests and instruments were performed and were used on the samples: pH Meter for pH, DO Meter for DO, Wrinkler’s Test for BOD, PE Ascorbic Acid Test for phosphorus, Spectrophotometry for turbidity, Phenate Test for Ammonia, Hand Refractometer for salinity, Visual Comparison for color, Digital Thermometer for temperature, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for lead content, and Petroleum Ether Extraction Method for oil and grease. It was discovered most of the discharged river waters apparently had decreased pH and DO and increased BOD, temperature, salinity, ammonia, phosphorus, turbidity, and oil and grease content. Lead was detected on the all of the downstream portions. The pH and DO of most of the discharged river waters were ostensibly below the acceptable values while the oil and grease, ammonia, phosphorus, salinity, and lead content were above the acceptable ones. Temperature, color, and turbidity were the only parameters which fell within the acceptable values. Therefore, there can seemingly be environmental and health hazards posed on the residents living downstream since they are having direct or indirect contact with the contaminated or polluted water. It is recommended that laws should be made with regards to how the residents use the water and that the implementation of existing laws should be strengthened. Lastly, it is strongly advised that the DENR should increase the number of parameters analyzed during their regular monitoring, that the SMCs should improve the treatment of the waters, and that the effects of farmlands and communities on the river should be identified.
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    Microbiological water analysis of selected point sources in Iloilo City
    Alama, Jannie Mae G.; Calitis, Ma. Socorro Fatima P.; Cervantes, Ria Angela E.; Garcia, Marian Aisa C.; Otico, Pelita A.; Pacheco, Donna Ginn G.; Taquiso, Jezreel l. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-04)
    The recreational use of the Iloilo River according to the Iloilo River Master Plan entails various studies to support it being safe for swimming and other activities. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Region VI has done very few studies to determine this particular aspect of the Iloilo River. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the bacteriologic content of water in selected point sources in Iloilo River, Iloilo City and the possible correlations to the incidence of health risks. Specifically the study aims to: (1) determine significant differences in the physico-chemical characteristics of water samples from each point source; (2) to determine the total and fecal coliform counts number for each water sample from the selected point sources; (2) detect the presence or absence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., and culturable Vibrios in water in selected point sources; (3) describe the incidence of health risks; and (4) correlate the heterotrophic plate count for total coliforms, Most Probable Number for Fecal Coliforms and the number of symptomatic respondents. The results of the study showed that the total coliform count for Point source A (HPC=6000/l00 ml) is higher compared to the standard set by the DENR (5000/100 ml) while Point source B and C are within the range. The concentrations of E. coli, in water samples A, B, and C (2400 MPN/100 ml sample) were found to be higher than the DENR standard for fecal coliforms for Class C Waters - fresh water, (200 MPN/lOOml sample). Although results indicate that the river water has high fecal contamination, there were no significant correlations between heterotrophic plate counts, Most Probable Number for Fecal Coliforms and the number of symptomatic respondents for each point source.