UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item A survey study on the motivations, gender roles and gender perspectives of elected women officials in Iloilo Province from 1988-1992Belloga, NC C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-12-12)One hundred elected Iloggas from 28 municipalities of Iloilo Province were interviewed to define their demographic profile, motivations in joining the electoral politics, gender roles, and perspectives based on selected sociopolitical gender issues. This study revealed that most of the respondents are married, aged 40 to 74, have an average of 4- 5 children. Majority of them acquired secondary education, and only 28% are degree holders with female gender courses such as BS Nursing, BS Education, and BS Commerce. Most of these women entered politics in 1988, and most of them came from political clans in their municipalities. All of them joined civic or religious organizations in their municipality. Majority of the respondents supported or initiated government projects during their term of office in the areas of beautification, sanitation, health, and environment arid mostly are geared towards the upliftment of the standard of living in their areas. This study established that most of the respondents performed traditionally female gender roles such as housekeepers, wives and mothers. They also assumed male gender roles such as elected public servant and farmer. Only a few performed non-gender roles such as being a student and engaged in business. Majority of them assumed a triple role? by simultaneously fulfilling their domestic reproduction, production and community management obligations. Majority of these women officials were initially motivated to join politics by their desire to serve the people. Most of them are hesitant to join because they lack political knowledge and public service experience. However, despite of their hesitations, these women decided to run for public office because of the assured support given by their family and friends. Majority of these women did not perceive that their being women marginalizes them in politics. Instead, they view such factor victory which proved that constituents preferred them over leading to their male candidates. Most of these women did not perceive that politics is a man's world with reference to the success of Cory Aquino and Miriam Santiago as female politicians. Majority of then? qualified their opinion on woman's exclusive dominion of home, arguing that women cam only go beyond their household duties if they know they are capable to perform public functions. They define their gender role in Philippine society as helpers, assistants and character molders of the youth. Majority of these women also qualified their opinion on the equality of men and women, asserting that in terms of physical capabilities men are more superior and in areas such as home management arid child tearing. Majority of these women did not perceive that Filipino society is a male-biased society. They view women as capable of occupying national political positions ar?d bias numeric advantage over men. However, majority agreed that Filipino women occupy subordinate roles to men in society because women are weak, less aggressive, receive insufficient support, and have scarce opportunities. Most of the respondents find politics difficult, especially in settling disputes. They contend that once they gained the? respect, of their constituents, they feel competent to tackle the tasks. It is evident that women politicians still adhere to the patriarchal belief and have unresolved gender definition, which are contributory factors to the discrimination of women in politics.Item A comparative study on the political awareness and level of trust to the government in relation to the level of political participation of in-school and out-of-school youths in Miag-ao, IloiloBaylosis, Jericho Alain G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)This study sought to determine, compare, and analyze the political awareness and the level of trust to the government in relation to the level of political participation of the inschool and out-of-school youth in Miag-ao, Iloilo. Specifically the study tried to identify the political awareness of both in- school and out- of- school youth and the factors that influence their political awareness. It likewise sought to determine the differences in the political awareness, level of trust to the government, and level of political participation of both in- school and out- of- school youth. The study also sought to find out if the level of trust to the government affects the level of political participation of the respondents. One- hundred three (103) in- school youth were selected by simple random sampling from Miag-ao National High School and twenty- one (21) out- of- school youth were selected by employing the snowball sampling from the barangays that compose the poblacion area of the municipality of Miag-ao served as the respondents of the study. Likert scale was used to measure the respondents’ level of trust to the government and level of political participation. On the other hand, a “yes- no scale” was used to measure the political awareness of both respondents. The Mann-Witney Non Parametric test and the Chi-square test were used to analyze the results of the study. Research results showed that age does not affect the political awareness of the respondents but on the other hand, results of the study also showed that sex and educational attainment affect the respondents’ political awareness and that these two factors serve as a determinant of political awareness Comparing the results of both in- school and out- of- school youth showed both sets of respondents are politically aware, for their averages fall above the 50% line but the in-school youth showed a higher level of political awareness as compared to the out-of-school youth. In terms on their level of trust to the government, both respondents are undecided if they trust the government. Research results from the level of political participation of the in-school and out-of-school youth showed that both respondents agree that the youth should be politically participate. Lastly, the results of the study showed that the respondents’ level of trust to the government does not affect their level of political participationItem An analysis of fiscal decentralization: The case of Cadiz City, Negros OccidentalBaynosa, Rogelita P.; Toque, Narciso R. (Division ofSocial Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)Decentralization has been an issue in the late twentieth century. Developing countries have shifted toward more decentralized forms of government that promises to change their political life in profound ways. The Philippines has decentralized its government through the enactment of the Local Government Code of 1991. This has brought changes to the Philippine governance. The code legislated the creation of local government units such as regions, provinces, cities, and municipalities with which the central government devolved its major power and authority. In this study, an attempt is made to discuss the issues and problems of fiscal decentralization in developing countries, specifically the Philippine experience. A review of the Cadiz City experience substantiates the discussion on decentralization. Taking the case of Cadiz City as a microcosm of the Philippine experience with decentralization as a whole and that of the developing world’s in much broader scale, this study presents an analysis of the realities of fiscal decentralization, which is the core of the devolution program in the Philippines. The data gathered show that although Cadiz City government had been granted the autonomy to manage its own affairs, it remains dependent on grants and allotments from the central government instead of maximizing the fiscal powers being devolved to it, specifically, its revenue-raising power. Moreover, the data on the local government’s allocation of its financial resources during the years 1997-2000 show that it has been efficient in terms of providing basic public goods and services to its constituents but not in terms of empowering the community people to participate in advocacy, decision-making, and other activities of local governance. The data also show that politics played a great role in the implementation of various development programs, projects, and activities.Item To run or not to run: Intentions of politicians to participate in politicsBautista, Michelle M.; Del Rosario, Teri S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)The overall purpose of the study was to investigate the intentions of Filipino politicians to participate in politics, guided by Leek Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior. The study employed qualitative methodology involving a total of 10 interviews with political candidates from the province of Aklan. Participants were recruited using criterion sampling. Results showed that attitude towards political participation, perceived pressure from the public, political parties, and family members, belief in one’s capacity to pursue political activities, and past experience largely influence the intentions of politicians to engage in politics; and their intentions, in turn, were translated into actual political participation. Past experience and belief in one’s capacity to pursue political activities were found to directly influence political engagement, and all identified factors were also found to be associated with one another. The relationships of all the constructs were consistent with our modified model of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Overall, the study offered support to the use of qualitative methodology in utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior as a theoretical framework. The study also provided evidence that past experience could be included in the model of the Theory of Planned Behavior.Item Batog kag Aya-ay: The politics of ecological consciousness of the presidents of Barangay Pantalan President Roxas, CapizBañez, Ma. Arve (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1992-03-01)This study examines the folk consciousness on the environment of the residents of Barangay Pantalan, President Roxas, Capiz. A combination of the etic and emic approaches in social sciences was used to make sense out of the informations gathered from the field. This study also identifies Man as Master of Nature, Man and Nature in Antagonism, Man in Harmony with Nature, and Nature as Sacred as the different relationships between human being and Nature. These different relationships between human being and Nature are contained- in the two broad opposing rationalities, namely, Speciesism and Environmentalism. An ethnocartography of Barangay Pantalan is constituted in this study using the folk sense of direction and orientation. In addition, the study examines the folk beliefs and practices built around man-made structure, sea, and the flora and the fauna. This study concludes with a discussion of the politics of environmentalism. Human being does not dominate Nature nor Nature dominates human being in this politics of environmentalism. The same politics embodies ethical dimensions which check the drift toward the destruction of the environment.Item Public opinion towards the roles of the military in politicsBacaoco, Jeemon Rey A.; Tabernilla, Piologo A., II (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-04)The study has 200 respondents all from Iloilo City, randomly selected according to population in all six districts. The respondents were given a four-category questionnaire to answer that detailed in value statements the military’s roles: traditional roles of the military, non traditional roles of the military, former military in politics and military and society. This paper obtained the public’s opinion through their answers in the questionnaire that employed a Likert-Scale that ranges from 1 as strongly disagree, 2 as disagree, 3 as neutral, 4 as agree and 5 as strongly agree. The result showed that the public disagrees with the military’s participation in politics as shown in their disagreements with the military taking over in times of presidential vacancy with 80.5 percent in the disagree scale and in former military personnel entering into politics with 80 percent on the disagree scale. But in terms of the non — traditional roles of the military, the public agrees with them, like they largely agree with the traditional ones, not seeing them as opportunities for roles in politics.Item Comparative study of democratic action in the Facebook accounts of Akbayan, Bayan Muna and Partido ng Mangagawa in the 2010 pre-elections, election and post-election periodsBaban, Ivy B.; Sia, Christine Marie M. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)Facebook as a social networking site offers an arena where users can engage in political discussions. Facebook is also increasingly becoming an important venue for political socialization and for gathering and sharing political knowledge among its users. For political parties in particular, Facebook is a useful tool in forwarding its agenda and generating interest among followers. This paper examined the volume, density and quality of democratic action, categorized into information sharing, public opinion and public discourse, among users of the Facebook accounts of Akbayan, Bayan Muna and Partido ng Manggagawa political parties before, during and after the 2010 elections. The level of information sharing in the Facebook accounts depicted a downward fashion, having only the greatest outlay of data in the pre-election period. Public opinion elicited the least number of participation with the election period as the lone impetus for opiniongiving. Public discussion in Facebook political party pages was present. However, the extent to which these discussions have been forwarded was limited. The discussions also tended to focus on issues that the parties care about but generating little debate and few participants. The presence of information-sharing is high indicating that initiation of public discussion is primarily administrator-driven. Public opinion lagged behind information sharing implying that public discussion is basically affected by the bias in information sharing. Overall, Facebook political party pages have not yet reached the level of interaction that entails a wider audience participating in enlightened discussions.Item A comparative study of issue and candidate orientation of voters in rural and urban barangaysAzzaraga, Josephine D. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-03)Voting is the most important political activity, and for most Filipinos the only means of political participation, engaged in by citizens in a democratic society. Thus, it is important to examine the degree of importance given by voters towards issues as opposed to candidates' ascribed personal traits and achievements and their (the voters’) particularistic interests’ when they cast their votes. The locale, which is either rural or urban, may possibly show different degrees of these influences on the voters. This study, therefore, seeks to determine the level of issue and candidate orientations of voters in rural and urban barangays. The study also aims to compare the level of issue and candidate orientations of voters from rural and urban barangays. Given these objectives, a survey was conducted in the rural barangays of Bacauan, Indag-an and North Kirayan in Miag-ao, Iloilo and the urban barangays of San Pedro, Rizal and Rizal Pala-pala II in Iloilo City with a total of 100 respondents. A questionnaire which contains issue and candidate orientation scales was used. These scales were designed to elicit the issue awareness and concern of the respondents when they chose their candidate for president in the 1992 election as well as the respondents' attraction towards candidates when they voted The findings of the study reveal that voters in rural barangays are moderately issue- oriented. The study also found a majority of the voters from urban barangays to be moderately issue oriented. Among rural voters, the level of candidate orientation was found to be moderate. Voters from urban barangays were found to have a moderate level of candidate orientation. Results of the study using the Mann-Whiney U test showed that voters from rural barangays were no less issue-oriented than those from urban barangays. Also, no difference was found in the level of candidate orientation of rural and urban voters. Results suggest that attitudes towards candidates and issues in national elections are not affected by the locale of the voter.Item The role of women rebel returnees in the armed conflict and transformation politics in Leon, IloiloApatan, Mildred V. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-03)The study focuses on the role of the women rebel returnees in the armed conflict and transformative politics in Leon, Iloilo. Descriptive in nature, it pioneers in the study of women rebel returnees in the region. It has the following objectives: to determine the reasons of the women rebel returnees for joining the insurgency movement, to determine the nature of their political participation and role in the ai med conflict, to identify the reasons which brought them back into the mainstream of society, and to describe the role they played in transformative politics. The method used in gathering the data was personal interview with an interview guide. Also, a questionnaire on their socio- demographic profile was provided. The study found out that, in general, the women rebel returnees joined the insurgency movement for social reasons such as influence of those who were already members of the movement. Their role inside die movement was mostly reproductive in nature, that is, works that deals mostly with or involves their comrades and the movement. Their reasons for leaving the movement were also socially motivated. Their participation in transformative politics is also reproductive in nature and that their positions in various organizations and institutions belong to a relatively upper level. Their problems are mostly financial and could be addressed by giving them more projects, opportunities, and network with other women's organizations.Item Water politics: The influence of power politics in accessing domestic water at Hamtic and Sibalom, AntiqueAller, Emmanuel C.; Macuja, Yra Frances O. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Philippines has a total annual renewable water of 479 billion cubic meters from surface and groundwater sources (ADB. 2013). Despite this seeming abundance, water supply remains scarce and unequally distributed among rural communities. To address this gap, the national government has come up with various funding mechanisms for small domestic water infrastructure projects. This paper describes the different features of the barangay governmentrun water projects in Hamtic and Sibalom, Antique, funded through Congressional Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) from 2003-2013. It examines how formal mechanisms (government funding process) and informal arrangements (clientelism and power politics), influenced the access of barangays to water projects. It also describes how distance from the project site, financial capability, quality of water service, and relationship between households and incumbent politicians influenced people’s water access from the barangay government-run water utility once completed. Interviews among district officer, managers, barangay captains; and survey on 80 and 79 households in the two locales were utilized. Clientelism and power politics was found to have a general effect on how funds for water was allocated and accessed by the barangay from amongst many in the Congressional district. However, such was not prevalent in individual to barangay level of access.