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    The institutional performance of the Roxas City Local Government Unit in Diwal conservation based on the localization mechanisms of Philippine Agenda 21
    Bernas, Mary Mayzee D.; Diocena, Ma. Brenda May H. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-03)
    The study sought to describe the institutional performance of the Roxas City Local Unit in Diwal conservation based on the localization mechanisms of Philippine Agenda 21. Specifically, it aimed to determine the following: (1) Roxas City LGU’s employment of the localization mechanism of Philippine Agenda 21 in Diwal conservation; (2) results of the performance of the Roxas City LGU in the actual conservation of Diwal; and (3) constituency evaluation regarding the Diwal conservation policy. The objectives were met through archival research and survey research with the protagonists like the Mayor, Vice Mayor, Sangguniang Panlungsod members, DA employees, and City Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Council members, and with the residents of Barangay.Punta Cogon Roxas City as respondents. It is found out that the protagonists generally have a positive attitude regarding the Diwal conservation efforts attributable to the nature of their jobs, to the immediate benefits that the Diwal project provides, to the status of Roxas City as the Seafood Capital of the Philippines, and to what Kaase and Newton refer to as lifestyle/new politics. Statistical and information facilities employed are found to be sufficient. At present, eight local legislations that have been formulated and implemented by the SP and CFARMC members are found to manifest the sustainable development of the Diwal. Moreover, there is an existing structure of multi-stakeholdership of the public authorities, DA employees, CFARMC members, and the Roxas City Diwal divers, which is consistent with the basic principle of collective choices and responsibility towards the realization of sustainable development goals as espoused in PA 21. The operationalization strategies employed in Diwal conservation were found and an ample amount of money has already been spent for the Diwal conservation efforts. Furthermore, it was also found out that there is a significant increase in the number of programs and trainings conducted from the year 2004 to 2005, manifesting a growing concern for the Diwal project. Development reports have been documented but were not communicated to larger institutions. Data shows that there is a remarkable revival in the Diwal industry. Constituency evaluation also shows that they are generally satisfied. The research findings showed that the Roxas City Local Government is effective in its substantial localization of the PA 21 concept of sustainable development applied in Diwal conservation. It was able to revive the Diwal stock, and was able to elicit positive reactions from its constituents. Thus comparative advantage, more legislations regarding the areas of tourism, export, quality of Diwal industry, and uphold the rights and welfare of the basic sectors which are the Diwal divers. In addition, strengthening of the basic sectors enhancing their leverage capabilities should also be pursued.
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    An analysis of fiscal decentralization: The case of Cadiz City, Negros Occidental
    Baynosa, Rogelita P.; Toque, Narciso R. (Division ofSocial Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)
    Decentralization has been an issue in the late twentieth century. Developing countries have shifted toward more decentralized forms of government that promises to change their political life in profound ways. The Philippines has decentralized its government through the enactment of the Local Government Code of 1991. This has brought changes to the Philippine governance. The code legislated the creation of local government units such as regions, provinces, cities, and municipalities with which the central government devolved its major power and authority. In this study, an attempt is made to discuss the issues and problems of fiscal decentralization in developing countries, specifically the Philippine experience. A review of the Cadiz City experience substantiates the discussion on decentralization. Taking the case of Cadiz City as a microcosm of the Philippine experience with decentralization as a whole and that of the developing world’s in much broader scale, this study presents an analysis of the realities of fiscal decentralization, which is the core of the devolution program in the Philippines. The data gathered show that although Cadiz City government had been granted the autonomy to manage its own affairs, it remains dependent on grants and allotments from the central government instead of maximizing the fiscal powers being devolved to it, specifically, its revenue-raising power. Moreover, the data on the local government’s allocation of its financial resources during the years 1997-2000 show that it has been efficient in terms of providing basic public goods and services to its constituents but not in terms of empowering the community people to participate in advocacy, decision-making, and other activities of local governance. The data also show that politics played a great role in the implementation of various development programs, projects, and activities.
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    Political participation of the differently abled in the association of disabled persons-Iloilo (ADP-1)
    Basco, Ellinore Joseph; Pabelico, Rhemia Lee C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-03)
    The study is done in order to determine how the differently abled in the Association of Disabled Persons in Iloilo (ADP-1) participate in political activities and to examine the factors that influences the extent of their political involvement. The objectives of this study are: (1) to describe the political participatory acts that the differently abled are engaged in, (2) to determine the extent of their participation, (3) to identify the factors that influence their involvement, and (4) to find out the impediments to their political involvement. The study was a descriptive-analytical that made use of survey, focused group discussion and key informant interview. Through stratified random sampling without replacement and proportional allocation, the study involved sixty-five (65) PWDs as respondents. The study made use of Key Informant Interviews to exact the views from different concerned agencies of the government tasked to implement the Magna Carta for the Disabled Persons and the Accessibility Law. Non-parametric statistics was used in data analysis with five point rating and Likert scales measuring the level of awareness, trust, efficacy and extent of political participation. The statistical tools employed to determine the relationship of factors identified to political participation were Cramer’s V, Contingency Table, Gamma and the Spearman’s rank order Rho. The findings of the study showed that large number of differently abled persons is involved with participatory acts such as voting, communal activities and contacting public officials. They opt to participate in activities in consideration to whether it is regularly held, non-costly to participate, accessibility and distance of the activity where it took place, can directly influence the official’s public policy, if specific programs and policies include their welfare and concerns and if activities may caused bodily threat. The majority of the respondents infrequently employed the other participatory acts due to lack of time and opportunities for participation and they also have livelihood to sustain. The findings also showed that most of the PWDs have low levels of political participation. Moreover, educational attainment and the disability of the person were strong predictors of political participation. In addition, awareness of rights, trust in governance and the association as well as political efficacy has a weak though, positive relationship with political participation. Furthermore, the study also confirmed the existence of structural and attitudinal impedances such as negative attitudes towards the differently abled, inaccessibility of voting centers, lack of support or assistance programs and weak implementation of the Magna Carta and Accessibility Law for the differently abled that hinders the political functioning of differently abled persons as citizens and their full integration to the mainstream society. In view of the findings of this study, recommendations of the researchers include the use of special education (SpEd) Centers as voting precincts for the differently abled voters, the active involvement of the ADP-I in local government development programs, creation of the Office for Persons with Disabilities (OPDA). Future studies regarding the involvement of the differently abled in governance should focus on the differently abled women’s situation in development and political involvement or gender issues, and the perception or attitudes of the public towards the competency of differently abled elected officials and voters.
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    The role of key actors in the promotion of local community development: The case of KALAHI-CIDSS projects in Janiuay, Iloilo
    Bartolome, Carie Fel M.; Sotrina, Emalyn S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-03)
    This research is centred on the research problem - what are the roles of the key actors in the promotion of local community development in the case of the Kapit-bisig Laban Sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (Kalahi-Cidss) projects in the municipality of Janiuay. Iloilo. Firstly, there is a need to explain local community development in the Kalahi-Cidss projects in Janiuay. Iloilo. Next, the paper proceeds to describe the resources that are being employed in Kalahi-Cidss in Janiuay in order to meet its goals. Then, the paper directs on the description of the roles of the key actors in the Kalahi-Cidss projects in Janiuay, Iloilo. The last objective of this paper is to describe the developmental outcomes brought by the projects to the people of Janiuay. The research problem and objectives of the paper were addressed through desk research, secondary material review, project site inspection, informal interviews with the barangay residents, and key informant interview with the Kalahi-Area Coordinator in Janiuay. The method of triangulation was used to avail more complete and more reliable data with less validity threats. It was found out that the Kalahi-Cidss is the flagship program of the Philippine government in addressing poverty in the country. Its foundation lies on the understanding that when people are empowered, they have the capability to spare themselves from poverty. Resources being employed in order to meet the goals of the project were categorized into proximate and non-proximate interventions. Three barangays in Janiuay were studied. The roles of the key actors in each barangay were described in the paper. The roles of the key actors in the three barangays were compared with each other and assessed in relation to the success of the Kalahi-Cidss projects in each respective community. Key actors involved in the projects were the barangay officials and the local community. The project success and developmental outcomes depended largely on how these two actors collaborated with each other. However, most essential in the actual process was how the former performed their task as leaders of the community. Barangay officials are the initiators of local community development through the Kalahi-Cidss.