UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item A survey study on the motivations, gender roles and gender perspectives of elected women officials in Iloilo Province from 1988-1992Belloga, NC C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1995-12-12)One hundred elected Iloggas from 28 municipalities of Iloilo Province were interviewed to define their demographic profile, motivations in joining the electoral politics, gender roles, and perspectives based on selected sociopolitical gender issues. This study revealed that most of the respondents are married, aged 40 to 74, have an average of 4- 5 children. Majority of them acquired secondary education, and only 28% are degree holders with female gender courses such as BS Nursing, BS Education, and BS Commerce. Most of these women entered politics in 1988, and most of them came from political clans in their municipalities. All of them joined civic or religious organizations in their municipality. Majority of the respondents supported or initiated government projects during their term of office in the areas of beautification, sanitation, health, and environment arid mostly are geared towards the upliftment of the standard of living in their areas. This study established that most of the respondents performed traditionally female gender roles such as housekeepers, wives and mothers. They also assumed male gender roles such as elected public servant and farmer. Only a few performed non-gender roles such as being a student and engaged in business. Majority of them assumed a triple role? by simultaneously fulfilling their domestic reproduction, production and community management obligations. Majority of these women officials were initially motivated to join politics by their desire to serve the people. Most of them are hesitant to join because they lack political knowledge and public service experience. However, despite of their hesitations, these women decided to run for public office because of the assured support given by their family and friends. Majority of these women did not perceive that their being women marginalizes them in politics. Instead, they view such factor victory which proved that constituents preferred them over leading to their male candidates. Most of these women did not perceive that politics is a man's world with reference to the success of Cory Aquino and Miriam Santiago as female politicians. Majority of then? qualified their opinion on woman's exclusive dominion of home, arguing that women cam only go beyond their household duties if they know they are capable to perform public functions. They define their gender role in Philippine society as helpers, assistants and character molders of the youth. Majority of these women also qualified their opinion on the equality of men and women, asserting that in terms of physical capabilities men are more superior and in areas such as home management arid child tearing. Majority of these women did not perceive that Filipino society is a male-biased society. They view women as capable of occupying national political positions ar?d bias numeric advantage over men. However, majority agreed that Filipino women occupy subordinate roles to men in society because women are weak, less aggressive, receive insufficient support, and have scarce opportunities. Most of the respondents find politics difficult, especially in settling disputes. They contend that once they gained the? respect, of their constituents, they feel competent to tackle the tasks. It is evident that women politicians still adhere to the patriarchal belief and have unresolved gender definition, which are contributory factors to the discrimination of women in politics.Item Moral development of adolescents from single-parent and two-parent family structureBalones, Katrina Jay D.; Jimenez, France Charmaine Judith G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)The study was conducted to find out the moral development of adolescents from single-parent and two-parent families, the gender differences in adolescent moral development, the themes of adolescent moral reasoning, and the influences of the family in adolescent moral reasoning. Using a mixed method approach, 98 students from the University of the Philippines Visayas, Miag-ao campus answered the Moral Judgment Test. Out of the 98, eight participants were chosen to take part in the in-depth interview. The instruments used were the demographic survey to determine the family structure that the participants belonged to, the Moral Judgment Test to determine the moral development of the adolescents, and an interview guide where a Kohlberg Dilemma was presented to look for moral reasoning themes, and to gather pertinent information about their families. Results showed that family structure and gender do not have significant effects on the moral development of adolescents F(l, 94) =0.51, p =.48. No significant main effects [F (1,94) = 0.21, p = .65 and F (1, 94) = 0, p = .99] were likewise observed for family structure and gender, respectively. The Moral Judgment Test mean scores showed that the adolescents of this study fall under the medium level. Qualitative data revealed that the moral reasoning patterns of the adolescents are characterized by an emphasis on relationships, indicating a morality of care. On the other hand, a morality of justice was emphasized by adolescents in cases when dilemma pertaining to facts was presented. The influence of the family as the initial context within which adolescents first learn about morality was highlighted. The results above indicate that Filipino adolescents from two-parent and singleparent family structure are of the same moral development level and moral reasoning. In contrast with studies relating family structure and adolescents, being in a non — traditional family structure is not necessarily a disadvantage to adolescents in terms of their moral development.Item The effect of playing violent video games and gender on aggression among first year students in Iloilo National High SchoolBalicanta, Alexander John F.; Cacho, Charlotte J. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)The study was conducted to determine the effects of playing violent video games and gender on aggression among first-year high school students. The experimental design utilized two treatment groups and two control groups. The four groups consisted of (1) males who played the violent videogame; (2) females who played the violent videogame; (3) males who played the nonviolent videogame; and (4) females who played the nonviolent videogame. In this study, aggression was measured using the Direct and Indirect Aggression Scales (DIAS). The DIAS consists of 24 items that measure physical, verbal, and indirect aggression. Prior to the administration of the DIAS, the participants were first asked to play video games. Two groups were assigned to play a violent video game, and the other two groups played a nonviolent game. The participants’ scores in the DIAS were computed and analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with interaction. This is done to show if the variables type of video game played and gender significantly affect aggression among adolescents. The two-way ANOVA with interaction yielded three computed values of F. Results show that there is a significant F-ratio on the variable type of video game played. The obtained F is 5.45, and an F of 4.26 is required at the 0.05 level with 1 and 27 df. Since 5.45 is greater than 4.26, the null hypothesis is rejected. Thus, the conclusion is that the type of video game played has a significant effect on aggression among first-year high school students. However, the F-ratio derived for the variable gender was not significant. The obtained F is 3.59, and an F of 4.26 is required at the 0.05 level with 1 and 27 df. Since the value of F is less than 4.26, the null hypothesis on gender is accepted. Thus, gender has no significant effect on aggression among first-year high school students. The F ratio derived for the interaction of the two variables is also not significant. The computed value of F., which is only 0.297, is less than 4.26. The null hypothesis, thus, is rejected. This leads to the conclusion that the type of videogame played and gender do not interact to affect aggression.Item Experiences of LGBT individuals with Christian upbringingBaguyo, Alec Jonavie A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-06)Christianity is one of the religions worldwide that promote heteronormativity, following their belief that it is “normal.” In the Philippines, wherein Roman Catholicism is the main religion, heterosexuality is the norm, and people who do not follow this feel a sense of conflict in terms of their religious and spiritual identity and their LGBT identity. This study explored the experiences of LGBT individuals with a Christian upbringing in the Western Visayas. A qualitative approach was employed and six participants were selected for an in-depth interview, the collected data was then analyzed using a thematic analysis wherein four themes emerged, growing up with a Christian upbringing, navigating through the experiences of being an LGBT and a Christian, perceived outcomes of the actions that LGBT individuals employed, and feelings elicited by the outcomes, which tells us the unique experiences of LGBT Christians.Item Porntrepreneur: A phenomenological study on the narratives of women towards pornography as a source of income in San Jose De Buenavista, AntiqueAquino, Carla Faith M. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)Pornography as a business industry in the Philippines persists despite legal restrictions. This research maps the narratives of select Catholic women and gender advocates in San Jose de Buenavista, Antique towards pornography as a phenomenon and as a source of income. Various themes are explored around their views of sex work as work, and their perception towards government policies and gaps in addressing issues on pornography. The study utilized data from two separate Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with eight (8) of women who are members of Lay Organization Movement Association (LOMAS) and Marian Movement Organizations (MaMOs), five (5) gender advocates, three (3) of whom are government workers, and two (2) NGO representatives, and sexual violence-related national legislations. The Moustakas transcendental phenomenology framework was employed and data were analyzed through the lenses of the conservative and feminist theories. Results revealed that women view pornography as exploitative yet bounded by moral dimensions. As an industry, it is easily accessible to the public, a business involving money, profit, and income. Catholic women argue that pornography should be exclusive only for married couples but should be restricted from children, while gender advocates do not want to restrict everything but are concerned about women’s rights. The women articulate that the driving forces leading people to engage themselves in such work are poverty and survival.Item The level of masculinity and femininity and patterns of self-disclosure to male and female friends of UPV freshmen studentsArceo, Daniel Keith M.; Carinal, Jotter Perzeus C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)This study sought to find out the level of Masculinity and Femininity of freshmen students, their patterns of self - disclosure in terms of gender and if there is a relationship between the two mentioned variables. Forty (40) male and forty (40) female freshmen students (SY 2001-2002) and at the same time staying in the dormitories were randomly selected as participants for this study. A modified Masculinity and Femininity Test based oh the masculinity and femininity traits given in the undergraduate thesis of Marañon (1992) and a modified self - disclosure test by Miller, Berg and Archer (1983) were utilized for data gathering. It was found in the study that among the 40 male respondents, 52.5% scored high in the masculinity items while 47.5% scored high in the femininity items. While the female respondents showed a big difference wherein 70% of them scored high in the femininity items and only 25% of them scored high the masculinity items. On the other hand, five percent of the female respondents were found to be androgynous. Patterns of self-disclosure showed that three fourths (3/4) of the male and female respondents prefer to self-disclose to their same sex and only one fourth of them would self-disclose more to their opposite sex or to both male and female friends. The results revealed that there is a significant correlation between the following relationships: a.) Males’ masculinity level and their self-disclosure to male friend; b.) Males’ masculinity level and their self-disclosure to female friend; c.) Males’ femininity level and their self-disclosure to male friend; d.) Males’ femininity level and their selfdisclosure to female friend; e.) Females’ femininity level and their self-disclosure to female friend; f.) Females’ femininity level and their self-disclosure to male friend. However, based on a t-critical 0.304, the following have shown weak relationship with each other. It is difficult to conclude that the level of masculinity and femininity generally affects the pattern of self-disclosure of UPV freshmen students. It was also found in the study that the following have no significant relationship with each other: a.) Females’ masculinity level and their self-disclosure to female friend; b.) Females’ masculinity level and their self-disclosure to male friend.