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    Vulnerability to natural hazards of households in the coastal Barangays of New Washington, Aklan
    Bulacan, Nirvana Dominique F.; Carillo, Shelica Cheyene T. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)
    Natural phenomena such as typhoon, flood, storm surge, sea level rise and coastal erosion are some of the natural hazards that affect the world especially the coastal inhabitants. In line with this, coastal inhabitants are considered the most vulnerable to natural hazards. This study explores the vulnerability and socio-economic factors affecting it. This study aims to determine the extent of vulnerability to natural hazards of households in coastal barangays of New Washington, Aklan. Vulnerability Index (VI) was used to measure vulnerability in terms of natural hazard exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. While, Vulnerability as Expected Poverty (VEP) was used to determine socioeconomic factors that may affect vulnerability. The VI results to low vulnerability of households. Whereas, VEP determined some socio-economic factors that statistically affect vulnerability in terms of per capita consumption expenditure such as highest educational attainment and employment in agriculture or industry of the household head, land ownership, number of family members and income per capita.
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    Interest groups in local politics: A case study of the establishment of marine protected areas in San Joaquin, Iloilo
    Bernardez, Ivy Clarize A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-06)
    Interest groups play an important role in local policy-making. Policy space has been created for interest groups by the decentralization mandated by the Local Government Code of 1991. This study aimed to describe the role of interest groups in local policy-making, especially with regards to the environment. This study explores the stages interest groups participate in more and the resources, strategies and tactics that they used in their participation. The study was conducted in the 22 coastal barangays of San Joaquin, Iloilo, with the different interest groups involved in the MPA formation as the unit of analysis. The actors involved included the municipal government, the coastal barangays, and the business sector. It was found out that the agenda-setting and policy formulation stages of the policy-making process are the stages interest groups participate in more because of their access to resources such as university researchers, scientific experts. The use of expert knowledge to convince other stakeholders was effective, such that there was very little opposition of the establishment of project. Although the Code provided interest groups a space in the local policy-making process, factors such as available resources, strategies, and tactics affect this participation.
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    Gender analysis on the modes and extent of participation in Community-based Fishery Resource Management (CFRM) project in Malalison island, Culasi, Antique
    Benliro, Patriana Z P.; Eraste, Concepcion E. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)
    A Gender Analysis on the Modes and Extent of Community Participation on CFRM in Malalison Island, Culasi, Antique was conducted in June 2002-Feruary 3003. The study aimed to determine the modes and extent of participation in Community- based Coastal Resource Management through the Community-based Fishery Resource Management (CFRM) Project using Program Monitoring with interview and focused group discussion. The difference on the modes and extent of participation of sex and membership in the association was also assessed. The study found out that male and female modes of participation in CFRM had no significant difference. The difference was in the extent of their participation, which was caused by the social roles they played. On the other hand membership in the organization was found to be a significant variable in analysing the modes and extent of participation.
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    Vulnerability and adaptation to sea level rise of coastal communities in San Jose, Antique an application of contingent valuation method
    Baltazar, Christina C.; Mojica, Mariane Daiseree P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)
    San Jose, Antique is a coastal municipality that is already experiencing manifestations of sea level rise, most visibly evident in coastal erosion, increased frequency of flooding, and higher storm surges. Sea level rise is a problem that affects the societal, economic, and environmental condition of coastal communities. It poses threats to life, property, and livelihood thus making these coastal communities vulnerable. To address their vulnerability, planned adaptation is the most practical option. Employing contingent valuation method, this study aims to determine the willingness-to-pay of coastal communities for a planned adaptation program that will address sea level rise. This study also aims to identify the adaptation measures that coastal communities of San Jose, Antique currently employ. Results show that the adaptation measures currently employed by the coastal communities of San Jose are autonomous, such as putting up sandbags, constructing bamboo corrals, and evacuating. These adaptation measures are stopgap solutions, which offer short-term protection only. It was seen, moreover, that overall, participants are willing to pay for a planned adaptation program. This suggests that funds may be raised for a planned adaptation program, which may be done through mobilizing the willingness-to-pay of the people. Measures to tap this potential should be explored by various groups, especially the local government unit of San Jose, Antique.
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    Costs and returns analysis of municipal hook and line fisheries in selected coastal barangays of Hamtic, Antique
    Baldevia, Joan R. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-03)
    This paper aims to determine the social and economic conditions of municipal hook and line fishermen; the cost structure of the hook and line fishing method; the profitability level of the municipal hook and line fishermen; the sharing system employed in the municipal hook and line fishery; and to identify the problems of the municipal hook and line fishermen. The study utilized the cost and return analysis. The limitation of this kind of analysis is the assumption that changes in effort and adjustment in fish stocks are taking place simultaneously. The percentage and average analysis failed to take full consideration of the time element of the study since it was based at a "one-shot" interview. The locale of the study are the selected coastal barangays of Hamtic, Antique namely Brgy. Caridad, Mapatag and Asluman. Any conclusions in this study is only applicable to the area concerned by this fishing gear and does not apply to other fishing grounds. Findings of the study showed that the average income of the municipal household was PhP 4168 which was below the average monthly income in Region VI which was PhP 5339.8. They can not be considered absolutely poor however because their average monthly income was still higher to the regional poverty threshold which was PhP 8197/year. Food was the biggest cost outlay of the municipal household which accounted for 68% of the total household expenses. In terms of cost structure, variable cost accounted for 84% of the total cost per trip. This showed that in every fishing trip, the fishermen needs to have enough money to cover its operating expenses. The small percentage of the total fixed cost relative to the total cost shows the level of mobility of the fishing unit to move to another gear type or even to another market of the fishing industry. Labor cost accounted for 48% to total cost per trip which showed how labor intensive is the hook and line fishing method. The opportunity cost, on the other hand, accounted for 13% of the total cost per trip. Almost all indices of profitability posted a negative values. This negative economic profit indicate a definite evidence of economic overfishing. It also indicate that the fishermen should seriously rethink their position in the fishing industry. The differences in findings of the study among the three sample barangays can be attributed to three important variables. First, is the average hour/trip and the average trip/per week. Since this is a per trip analysis, this had an implication on all variables. Secondly, is the number of motorized boats per barangay. Motorized boats have a higher depreciation cost, opportunity cost of owned capital and running cost. Third, would be the number of boats with crewmen/operators per barangay. This reflect the percentage of the respondents with a sharing system and this would entail a higher labor cost and consequently to total cost per barangay. The sharing system was flexible as evidenced by the different sharing arrangement between Brgy. Mapatag which had a 50-50 sharing arrangement compared to Brgy. Asluman and Caridad which was 60-40. The primary problem of the municipal fishermen was the presence of big fishing vessels like the baby purse seiner. Other problems mentioned were the illegal fishing operations like trawling which operate during the night, lack of capital for repair and maintenance and bad weather conditions. The improvement of the socioeconomic conditions of the fishermen should call for a general improvement of the environment in which they operate. The recommendations of the study asserts that the government should develop additional employment opportunities outside the fishery sector. Fishing effort should be controlled by regulation of entry in terms of number of boats or gears employed because of economic overfishing. Large scale fishing like the baby purse seiner should be regulated and trawling be effectively prohibited to increase the resource base of the small-scale fishery. A clear boundary line should then be put up to avoid encroachment of the big fishing vessels to the municipal waters.
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    Income an employment structure of households in the coastal barangays of Miagao, Iloilo
    Bacalocos, Kezzie Lyn R.; Camit, Rizalee L. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-04)
    This paper was designed to describe the income and employment structure of the households in the coastal barangays of Miagao, Iloilo. Data were gathered through face- to-face interviews with 303 household heads from the six barangays identified by the Municipal Planning and Development Office. There were a total of 1,867 household members, where 1,086 belonged to the working age group. The data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, averages and percentages. Results showed that despite being near the sea, the households were not dependent on it for their income and employment. The proportion of professionals was low. Most household members in working age worked in the past in non — professional jobs, mostly in contractual terms. Similarly, most were currently employed in skill-related jobs such as in construction and mechanics. The proportion of females out of work is greater than the males. The monthly household income ranged between 0 to Phpl6, 300. The majority of households have an average income of P7, 343.19. Income diversification program is needed in the area. The women who are willing to work can be targeted for livelihood program and skills training. Information on jobs and skills training available must effectively disseminated in the barangays.
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    Willingness-to-pay for the conservation of mangrove site in Dumangas, Iloilo
    Agapito, Arianne I.; Guadalupe, Ronell D. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)
    This study was designed to determine the willingness-to-pay of the residents of Dumangas, Iloilo for the conservation of the existing mangrove sites in their area. Data were gathered through personal interviews using an interview schedule among 240 household representatives equally distributed in six barangays: three coastal, three noncoastal. Results of the study showed that most of the study participants were aware and knowledgeable about the existence of mangroves, its uses and benefits. The popular barangays identified to have mangrove sites included Sapao (31.33%) and Ermita (32.92%). Using dichotomous choice willingness-to-pay method with randomly assigned bid prices, results showed that most of the study participants both from coastal (89.17%) and non-coastal barangays (91.67%) were willing to pay for the conservation of mangroves. The main reason cited was that they want to participate in programs by the local government that aims to conserve the environment. When adjusted to level of certainty, there was slight difference in the number of study participants who were willing-to-pay; mean willingness-to-pay amounted to Php 86.47 without adjustment to level of certainty and Php 76.17 when adjusted to level of certainty. Knowledge index rating, civil status and bid price were the significant factors that affect the willingness-to- pay without adjustment to level of certainty at 5% level of significance. When adjusted to level of certainty, knowledge index rating (5%) and bid price (1%) were the significant factors. Annual surcharge in Community Tax is the preferred payment vehicle of the study participants for the conservation.
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    "Sipak nga Banwa": A history of Valderrama, Antique (ca.1500-1945)
    Alagos, Leizl L. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-05)
    This is a descriptive study of the history of Valderrama from the pre-Spanish period to the Japanese occupation (ca.1500-1945). Long before the colonial period, the town was already settled by "tumandok" or native residents composed mainly of two groups of settlers— Bukidnon and Taga-Baybay. Bukidnon or mountain people of Valderrama came from the nearby mountain ranges of Mt. Baloy and Mt. Igcoron, while Taga-Baybay or coastal people came Ilaures, the coastal barangay of Bugasong. Both groups settled and worked together in Caberi-an or what is now "Valderrama". Old residents of Valderrama refer to their town as "Sipak Nga Banwa" literally, "the town going to another direction". "Sipak nga Banwa" has a double meaning. It identifies the early settlers who abandoned their coastal community to go to the interior Valderrama. These coastal people left and "nagsipak" which meant "went to another way or direction". Another meaning refers to the town's geographical location.From the souther part of Antique going upward where coastal towns of Antique are located, the road to Valderrama suddenly turns to the right or another way, "nagsipak". During the pre-Spanish period, the babaylan (priest healer) were considered as the most respected persons in the town. These baybaylan healed the sickness of the people. When the Spaniards came into the place, the colonizers spread and converted many natives to Christianity but not without staging a resistance. The Bukidnon and Taga-Baybay babaylan fought against the Spanish colonizers when the Philippine Revolution broke out. in 1896. Though the town was not directly affected by the Philippine Revolution of 1898 (Spanish-American War), the natives considered the Americans better than the Spaniards. It was during this period that the economic and political life of the town improved due to sugarcane and tabacco cultivation. However, When the Japanese occupied the town, economic and political development became stagnant due to the ravage of the war. As a result, many residents of the town joined the guerilla forces in the nearby mountains due to the harsh treatment and abuses of the Japanese soldiers. Finally, due to the outbreak of the Second World War (1942) in the province, which resulted to the bombing of Japanese camp in Atique, the Japanese soldiers left the town of Valderrama.
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    Analysis of the consumption pattern of microcredit borrower and non-borrower households from three urban coastal barangays in Culasi, Antique
    Ammen, Neil D. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)
    This paper analyzed the consumption pattern of microcredit borrower households from the three urban coastal barangays in Culasi, Antique, and compared that with the non-borrowers. A total of 140 households were surveyed of which 46, 50, and 44 came from barangay Centro Norte, Centro Población, and Centro Sur, respectively. Out of the total households surveyed, 40% were ‘identified borrowers and the remaining 60% were non-borrowers. In addition, while only 33% were identified as fishers, the bigger percentage belonged to the non-fisher households. Consequently, these groups were further categorized into (1) fisher-borrower, (2) non-fisher-borrower, (3) fisher-non-borrower, and (4) non-fisher-non-borrower and a comparison of the differences in their consumption patterns was executed. Survey results showed that the top three household expenditures of the three urban coastal barangays were food, debt repayment, and education. This study also investigated the impact of per capita monthly expenditure and other household characteristics on the budget share of 20 commodities (food and nonfood) consumed by borrower and non-borrower households and found that income elasticities of the said commodities significantly vary among household categories. Results from the estimation and correlation on the quadratic model suggested that borrowers of microcredit programs are better off in terms of consumption than non-borrowers.