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UPV Theses and Dissertations

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    Agrarian reform implementation in Barangay Indag-an, Miag-ao, Iloilo
    Beñosa, Zoraida P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1996-03)
    Agrarian Reform is a program set by the government to correct socio-economic imbalances by distributing lands to the farmers who are landless It is a means of uplifting the farmers from social inequalities and the bondage of poverty. Given the nature of the program, it is therefore important to assess the effectiveness of Agrarian Reform Implementation in the community level. Specifically, this is a study of Agrarian Reform Implementation in barangay Indag-an, Miag-ao, Iloilo. The objectives of the study are to describe the processes involved in the implementation of Agrarian Reform in Indag-an, to identify the benefits and support services extended by the program to its beneficiaries, to assess the effectiveness particularly the strengths and weaknesses of the program as perceived by its beneficiaries, to describe the relative effects on male and female household members and lastly, to draw implications on how to improve the Agrarian Reform implementation in the community level. Given these objectives, data were gathered from 35 respondents through a focus group discussion method. Personal interview and a case study were also done to assess the effectiveness of the program. The findings revealed that some beneficiaries believed that they benefitted from the program. Others, however, were a bit cynical towards its implementation. They claimed that the program was biased in Its implementation wherein it caters to the demands of the landlords disregarding the needs and problems of the farmers concerning the distribution of lands. The study further revealed that the support services extended by the program to farmer-beneficiaries centered mainly on agricultural extension, agricultural credit, education and trainings, cooperatives and legal services. Other support services such as infrastructures, health assistance, potable water supply and irrigation system were not provided by the program. As to the strengths and weaknesses of the program, it has been found out that the farmers repressed an ambivalent view about its implementation. They perceived the program as both having strengths and weaknesses wherein the former focused mainly on the processes involved in the distribution of lands while the latter focused more on the insufficient support services provided by the program. Finally, the study revealed that majority of the beneficiaries was male and women beneficiaries comprise only a small number. The male beneficiaries dominated the farm works, relegating women to household chores and aspects of farm work such as planting, weeding, preparing and bringing the food to the fields. However, women were given the opportunity as men in giving opinions, airing their views in the organization. Generally, both had gained from the program, where each has his/her role in farm production, even though the extent of their benefits varies
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    Small farmers' adoption of rice combine harvesters in Binalbagan, Negros Occidental
    Bayona, Kate Ashley S.; Solano, Mirjana Antoinette (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2024-06)
    The use of Rice Combine Harvesters (RCH) is currently pushed as part of the country's mechanization program in agriculture. Much of the literature assessing the adoption of RCH only focuses on the tangible determinants of their adoption, but not the in-depth sociological lived experience of farmers following their adoption, including their nuanced rationalization amidst the process. This study investigated the RCH adoption among small farmers in Binalbagan, Negros Occidental, specifically delving into the (1) characteristics of farmers, (2) drivers of RCH adoption, (3) challenges faced during adoption, (4) nature of frequency and consistency of RCH use, and (5) adjustment strategies in using the RCH pursued through descriptive phenomenology and an in-depth interview of 12 participants through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis revealed that the small farmers belong to the early majority adopter category whose adoption is highly facilitated by membership in Irrigators’ Associations and lack of manual laborers. The regularity of their usage also depended on climate, laborers, topography, and farm systems and confronted issues with wastage, additional cost and labor, and field damage to RCH that was mitigated through mediating previous and current farm set ups and maintaining affirmative social relationships within the community. These findings depict the complexities in small fanners’ RCH adoption and the intricacies of their receptivity in each region calling for larger analysis of RCH adoption in the country to know its general status and underscores the need for the implementation and development of national policies like technology diffusion to be contextually sensitive and pro-farmers.
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    Sa ginhalinan it Akean: A postcolonial analysis on the Talibong Tradition of the Taong Labas of the Municipalities of Libacao, Madalag, and Malinao, in the province of Aklan
    Bautista, Theodore Ricardo R. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)
    The Talibong is a fighting bolo of the Panay Bukidnon of the Central Panay mountain range, but is also common among the lowland agricultural communities in Aklan. Often characterized by carvings on its hilt and ornaments such as old coins embedded on its sheath, the Talibong is part of the daily attire of the Akeanon Bukidnon who live in the interiors of Libacao, Madalag, and Malinao; a hinterland people who, historically, have been ‘othered’ by the predominantly Christian lowlanders and branded with derogatory terms such as buyongs (savages/bandits), buki (rustic/uneducated), or mundos (of the mountains). As of the present, the Province of Aklan has made the Talibong into one of the key symbols of Akeanon cultural heritage - with it now being displayed in the offices of local government officials and representing the province in digital posters promoting Akeanon culture for ecotourism. By viewing the history of upland-lowland relations in the province through Francis Gealogo’s concept of the Taong Labas and Gayatri Spivak’s theory of ‘othering’, this thesis looks into how these hinterland communities were ‘othered’ during the colonial period up to contemporary times; identifying how the Talibong had once become a defining representation of a perceived savagery, backwardness, and culture of violence ascribed to these communities by those in the town centers. With the use of archival sources pertaining to accounts of these hinterland peoples in the late 19th century up to the present and key informant interviews with elders from the town centers and the very cultural bearers of the tradition, this thesis points out that the hinterland peoples of the interiors of Libacao, Madalag, and Malinao are historically the Taong Labas of Aklan, whose Talibong tradition has been appropriated by the centers, in their bid to construct a genuine local identity built upon the notion of indigeneity.
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    Effects of Chromolaena odorata leaves as amendments to poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer to improve growth, yield, biomass accumulation and inorganic content of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum)
    Balinas, Chona Mae D. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)
    Chromolaena odorata (a weed in the family Asteraceae) has been shown to enhance the buildup of organic matter in a fallow system in tropical soil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to to determine the effects of Chromolaena odorata leaves as an amendment to poultry manure and triple 14 inorganic fertilizer on the growth, yield, biomass accumulation and inorganic contents of Lycopersicum esculentum. The field experiment was conducted at Agsanayan Buenavista Guimaras where the weed has wide distribution. The leaves of C. odorata were air dried and composted using Berkeley method. The compost obtained was used as an amendment to either poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer and was tested on tomato for three months in RCBD. Obtained results proved that tested treatments with amendments of C. odorata were significantly higher in lengths of shoots and roots, flower and fruit yield, amount of biomass accumulated and inorganic contents of tomato than those with no amendments of C. odorata. Therefore, C. odorata is an efficient amendment to both organic and inorganic fertilizers. It was suggested that the weed should be utilized to serve as a green manure.