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UPV Theses and Dissertations

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    Sa pagkaon, pabisa, paghatag limos sa ila Jesus, Maria kag San Jose: The socio-religious tradition of Decinueve and the local politics of religious syncretism
    Badanoy, Christian Dave C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)
    When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippine archipelago, they encountered the indigenous people who already had established religious systems and traditions. These systems, however, possessed a similar framework with Catholicism’s idea of saints, such that it permitted the Spanish friars an easy conversion of the indigenous people and their adoption of Catholicism. This is the crucial thread that led to the development of Miagao, Iloilo’s Decinueve tradition—a practice that resulted from the fusion of two different cultural products. At the heart of this celebration are the rituals that center on the Holy Family, represented by three people who were chosen by the San Jose devotee family. They are dressed for the “little theater” and are fed several dishes as the ritual necessitates, effectively becoming a vessel in which the host family’s promise of celebrating the Sagrada Familia annually is fulfilled. While the whole affair looks like a totally Roman Catholic practice, a closer examination reveals precolonial religious elements. Taking from Astrid-Sala Boza’s concept of Folk Catholicism and Neils Mulder’s concept of Localization, and by categorizing individual features of the Decinueve tradition into indigenous, foreign, or syncretic, this thesis argues that the practice is ultimately Folk Catholic. This thesis further investigates the socio-historical and cultural context of and within Miagao that permitted the syncretic tradition to be rationalized and internalized within Miagao’s Catholic social reality. The findings suggest that elements within the practice are recognizable, and the politics of its syncretism is four-fold. Thus, syncretic traditions are formed and take new meanings because of the politics surrounding them.
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    Reverse appropriation of the state's cultural nationalism: The case of the Bantoanon indigenous cultural community and the indigenous people's rights act of 1997
    Balla, Airelle Shem E. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)
    Despite the growing corpus of research on cultural nationalism, the state's role in producing cultural nationalism in a post-colonial and non-western setting and the phenomena from a bottom-up perspective continues to be little explored. This study examines the conditions under which national political leaders pursued policies to protect the cultural heritage of the country's indigenous cultural communities for the aims of political nationalism. From a top- down perspective, the study looks at the context, intent, content, state's implementation and caveats of the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997. While from the bottom-up perspective, the study looks at how the Bantoanon indigenous community mobilizes and organizes to navigate through state bureaucracy and ‘reappropriate’ the state's nationalism to meet their cultural goals. To examine the phenomena, the study on the textual analysis of existing written primary and secondary sources supplemented with oral interviews of key informants and a review of available literature. It finds that at the national level, political motives partly animated the support of political leaders for indigenous cultural heritage protection policies; that the state used heritage protection policies to pursue its political purposes; and that the support for political leaders for indigenous cultural heritage protection policies was premised on the condition that it did not interfere with the state's interests and diminish the state's rights. While at the Bantoanon indigenous cultural communities level, it finds that despite the caveats embedded in the country's heritage protection policies, the indigenous cultural community could mobilize and assert its rights, thus enabling it to ‘reappropriate’ the state's political institutions to meet its own cultural objectives. This thesis, therefore, argues that the relationship between the two parties under IPRA is mutually beneficial, with both the state and indigenous cultural communities finding some utility in the law.
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    Oplan BAYANIHAN : kaBAYAN, Inodoro, iHandog sa mga Aeta Nating kababayan
    Balino, Beverly B.; Casidsid, Luzel Mytchz C.; De Pedro, Jobel D.; Dela Victoria, Jaysun D.; Garzon, Evita Flor L.; Heredia, Angelica Katrina A.; Jaranilla, Femm Dominique P.; Longno, Kathleen Joyce B.; Parreño, Karla B.; Yso, April Rose S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-03)
    Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are caused by parasitic worms or helminths that are transmitted to people through contaminated soil. The main species are the roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), the whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and the hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale). It is more prevalent among children living in conditions of poor sanitation particularly in indigenous people (IP) groups in the Philippines. OPLAN BAYANIHAN (kaBAYAN, Inodoro iHandog sa mga Aeta Nating Kababayan) primarily aimed to decrease the prevalence of soil- transmitted helminthiasis (STH) among the Aeta children of Purok V, Barangay San Nicolas, Buenavista, Guimaras. A responsible and functional core group was organized to assist in the implementation and monitoring of the projects. A stool examination was conducted prior to the construction of toilet facilities and results showed that all 30 Aeta children tested were positive for STH. The post stool examination was not performed due to the strict compliance of the Municipal Health Office to their biannual mass de worming schedule, but it will be performed after the mass deworming in Sitio Serum Bukid on April 3, 2O14.The knowledge and awareness regarding soil-transmitted helminthiasis increased by 30% or more through interactive lectures on how to prevent and control STH and on the proper usage of personal protective equipment (PPE). The knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the Aetas regarding proper hygiene increased by 30% or more through interactive lectures and trainings on hand washing, tooth brushing, and grooming. Flyers were distributed among Aeta parents and storybooks were handed over to the Day Care Center of Sitio Serum Bukid, and Kindergarten and Elementary teachers of San Nicolas Primary School. Nine toilet facilities were constructed and the installation of a clean and potable water source is underway.
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    Syncretization of modern and indigenous health knowledge and practices of the Tumandoks of Barangay Igpaho, Tubungan, Iloilo and its implications to community health
    Ausmolo, Carlyn Grace P.; Magluyan, Jan Andrew T. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)
    Indigenous peoples (IP) in the Philippines are identified as among the poor and marginalized sectors. Health and nutrition problems continue to persist in their communities due to lack or absence of access to good healthcare systems caused by their disenfranchised situation. Literatures that discuss the health practices of IP groups in the Philippines, particularly in Panay Island, are limited and less popular. As an attempt to enrich the existing literatures on IP life, this study explored the indigenous and modern health systems and practices, including their syncretic characteristics that could draw out implications for community health of die Tumandoks of Barangay Igpaho, Tubungan, Iloilo. Case study analysis and methods were employed in this study which included key-informant interview and focus-group discussion. Nine community healers and tliree Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) were interviewed while eight Tumandoks participated in the FGD. This study documented four indigenous health practices: panghdof, pag-ubra, panghanggab, and pamulong herbal. The Tumandoks ’ knowledge on phytotherapy and the oral narrative of Tanyong Mangdaw were also noted in the study. The modern health practices identified were taking of medicine, going to a physician, getting vaccines, and accessing other health services at the MLGU. The identified syncretic characteristics implied that the lack of modern healthcare services in the community contributes to the endurance of indigenous health practices and knowledge of the Tumandoks of Igpaho. However, this also has detrimental effects to community health such as the prevalence of malnutrition and teenage pregnancy.
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    Relationship between media exposure and attitude of Iloilo City Junior High School students towards indigenous peoples
    Amon, Abigail; Garzon, Ma. Mercedes (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-05)
    This research discusses the relationship between media exposure and the attitude of selected Iloilo City public junior high school students towards the indigenous peoples. Three hundred junior high school students from Bo. Obrero National High School, Iloilo City National High School, Mandurriao National High School, Ramon Avanceña National High School, and SPED - Integrated School for Exceptional Children served as respondents to a five-part questionnaire that included demographics, exposure to media and IPs, attitude, additional questions regarding the relationship between their media exposure and their attitude towards IPs, and the information they received and wished to receive from media. The researchers found that students were most exposed to online media and that they had low exposure to mediated content on indigenous peoples on all media platforms. It was concluded that respondents had an overall positive attitude towards indigenous peoples. Moreover, both the media industry and the educational system should be more responsible in supporting the IPs through wider media coverage and introduction to more media platforms.
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    Mga Ati sang Tina: a research on the communication symbols of the Ati marriage and healing rituals in Antique supplemented with a video documentary
    Abalajon, Inaj Mae Portugalete; Clores, Pauline Baysa; Fandiñola, Ciara Robyn Fernandez (Division of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)
    Field studies in organizational communication include complex methods in data collection and analysis through interviews and production of video ethnography. This research focuses on the ethnography of the indigenous peoples (IPs), specifically the Atis. They hold the richest and most genuine culture the Philippines has. One important component that makes up culture is the rituals by the IPs that make up various symbols that bear meanings important to the communities where they belong to. However, through the years, these symbols are slowly fading because of the rise of new technologies. The waning purity of the rituals, together with its communication symbols, influenced this research to use media in preserving its remaining nature before it dies out. Through a video documentary, a concrete material can be passed through generations. This material with combination of facts and visuals creates a consistent and more efficient way of preserving what lacks in oral tradition. The researchers chose the Ati community in Brgy. Tina, Hamtic, Antique as subjects of this research. They used descriptive analysis in conducting the study. The data was gathered through participatory observation, SWOT analysis, ocular visits and immersion. The study outlined its framework according to the Organizational Culture Theory. The theory states that communication symbols are present in a community through verbal, physical and behavioural symbols. Another theory used in the study is the theory of Semiotics. The meanings behind these symbols are what we call the signified, while the symbols or objects attached to these meanings are the signifiers. Interviews were conducted to identify directly the meanings of the communication symbols from the Atis and experts themselves. The researchers were able to gather communication symbols (signifiers) from the marriage and healing rituals of the Ati community. Significantly, the meanings (signified) of ii these symbols show the Ati community’s strong feudal ties, and high respect for spirits and unseen forces. Furthermore, the lifestyle of the community depends on the available resources in their environment. Keywords: Indigenous People, Culture, Rituals, Video Documentary, Organizational Culture Theory, Communication Symbols