UPV Digital RepositoryUPV-DRUniversity of the Philippines Visayas
 

UPV Theses and Dissertations

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/10

Browse

Filters

2009 - 200932010 - 20192

Settings

Adviser: search.filters.advisor.Sabada, Resurreccion B.SDG: search.filters.sdg.SDG 14 - Life below water

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Fungal pathogen associated with Rhizophora stylosa: A comparative study between oiled and unoiled sites within Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMAR), Nueva Valencia, Guimaras
    Balanga-an, Kristoffer (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)
    Mangroves, refer to an assemblage of trees and shrubs that inhabit the coastal intertidal zone in tropical and subtropical regions. They help in the soil formation, protection, and stabilization of our coastal environment as well as serve as shelter and breeding grounds for some of our marine organisms. A mangrove habitat represents the borderline between land and sea and is considered as one of the principal places where spilled oil and associated impacts converge. Oil spill threaten mangroves by predisposing the plants to fungal attacks thereby reducing their resistance to stress and diseases. Studies also show that certain fungi species are able to utilize oil in contaminated mangrove species. This study generally aims to compare the fungal population found on the diseased leaves of Rhizophora stylosa between oiled and unoiled sites in the Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMAR). It also aims to isolate, characterize and identify fungi present in diseased leaves of Rhizophora stylosa using potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture media and determine their frequency of occurrence. Leaf samples were collected from two sites in TINMAR, one of which was contaminated by oil and the other one was not. Three trees were selected to represent each of the two sampling sites (oiled and unoiled), and to each of the selected trees, three diseased leaves were collected. The results of this study showed the dominance of some species of fungi namely, Aspergillus (40%), Penicillium (20%), Cladosporium (13.33%), Monilia (6.67%), Mycelia (6.67%), Humicola (6.67%), and Pestalotiopsis (6.67%). Five out of these seven genera were isolated from the unoiled site while six of these were isolated from the oiled site. Generally, the fungal population was observed to be greater in the oiled site than in the unoiled. This preliminary data indicate that R. stylosa might still be undergoing stress due to the remaining components of the spilled oil in the area. However, this can only be resolved by further monitoring.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Short-term impacts of oil spills on fungal population in a mangrove area in Batad, Iloilo
    Alpas, Donna Bella C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-04)
    Oil spills cause extensive damage on the marine environment, ranging from obliteration of its flora and fauna to biomagnifications of toxic components of petroleum. The location of mangroves at the sea-land interface makes the ecosystem susceptible to disturbances such as oil spills. There is a considerable information on the impacts of oil spills on mangrove while impacts on microbial populations, especially fungi, are limited. This study therefore assessed the effect of oil on the diversity and distribution of fungi of oil-contaminated sites in Batad, Iloilo due to Power Barge oil spill last November 8, 2013. The mangrove surface sediments were collected on January 11, 2014 at oil-contaminated sites in Batad, Iloilo and uncontaminated site in Ajuy, Iloilo. Sample were processed based on Pepper and Gerba (2004). Colony forming units per gram of soil (CFU/g) was used to express yeasts and filamentous fungi. On PDA medium, more fungal isolates were isolated at oil-contaminated site compared with uncontaminated site at 14 and 12 species respectively, there was also a higher Shannon Index of Diversity at 2.4858 and 2.4582, respectively. Among the filamentous fungi, three genera were represented by Aspergillus. Penicillium, and Cladosporium. However, Aspergillus was more diverse with 10 species. Six species were found only at the oil-contaminated sites - Aspergillus sp 2. Aspergillus sp 1, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium sp 2, Penicillium sp 3 and Yeast sp 2 while four species are found in the unoiled site - Penicillium cf. lapidosum, Aspergillus sp 3, Aspergillus sp 4 Penicillium sp 1. Furthermore, there is a low index of similarity as shown by Jaccards coefficient of similarity (J=0.44) and Sorensen coefficient of similarity ( C=0.61). Fungal load was higher at oil-contaminated soils compared with uncontaminated soils at 1.3 x 10 - CFU/g and 6.0 x IO3 CFU/g, respectively. Bushnell Haas Agar yielded more fungi isolates isolated from oil-contaminated sites compared with uncontaminated site of 4 and 3 species respectively. Furthermore, a higher Shannon Index Diversity (H) was observed at oil-contaminated sites (1.3298) than those at uncontaminated site (0.6364) suggesting that there are more species of fungi capable to degrade the hydrocarbons and utilize it as a source of energy. The overall frequency of distribution of the major fungal genera in both oil-contaminated and uncontaminated sites showed that only Dueteromycota was isolated and dominated in both sites and in both media, the PDA and Bushnell Haas Agar. The major genera isolated in PDA medium included Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and yeast. In Bushnell Haas Agar, Aspergillus and yeast were the major genera isolated and are seen in both sites. The frequency of occurrence of various species in uncontaminated and oil-contaminated sites were not significantly different. The Deuteromycota were the dominant group that were isolated on all sites using two media. The overall result indicate the stimulating effect of oil are observed in the higher fungal load in oil- contaminated site.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Endophytic fungi from Halimeda macroloba and Sargassum sp.in Nueva Valencia Nueva Valencia, Guimaras, Philippines
    Alemania, Darlene Kris V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)
    Endophytic fungi of marine algae in the Philippines have not been widely explored despite the fact that marine fungi associated with algae are the second most diverse. This study aimed to conduct a preliminary investigation on the occurrence of endophytic fungi from Halimeda macroloba and Sargassum sp. In this study fungal endophytes were isolated from Halimeda macroloba and Sargassum sp. collected from Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. Broad-leaf macroalagal samples were surface sterilized and cultured on PDA seawater media at 37°C. Isolated fungal endophytes were identified through colony and microscopic characteristics. Twenty one distinct endophytic fungi were isolated, 17 of which were identified up to the genus level with the most endophytes belonging to the genus Aspergillus. Fungal endophytes obtained were mostly ascomycetes specifically Aspergillus sp., one hyphomycete and three unidentified fungi with sterile mycelia were present. The brown algae, Sargassum sp., had a higher diversity compared to the green algae Halimeda macroloba in spite of having a lower isolation frequency. In terms of similarity, the two algal hosts had a low index of similarity with J= 10%. This study contributes to the growing data regarding diversity and abundance of fungal endophyte species from marine macroalgae in the Philippines. This is the first study conducted on fungal endophyte assemblages of algae species in Western Visayas.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Fungal pathogens associated with Sonneratia alba: A comparative study between oiled and unoiled sites within Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMAR), Nueva Valencia, Guimaras
    Albacete, May Therese F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)
    Majority of researches on impacts of oil spills on mangroves focused on the immediate post-spill acute effects. However, the persistence of oil in sediments at oil spill sites has been reported in a number of published works. As such, this remaining oil could serve as source of stress to mangroves resulting into the expression of sub-lethal effects such as changes in foliage and canopy, abnormalities in reproductive structures among others. Furthermore, oil in mangroves also has the potential of increasing fungal attacks due to their impairment of natural defense mechanisms such as salt removal from leaves and trunks. Thus, this study was conducted to determine if there was a difference in fungal species composition and frequency of occurrence of fungal population of mangrove leaves collected in oiled and unoiled areas within Taklong Island National Marine Reserve, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras following the spill that occurred in August I1,2006. Fungi from diseased leaves of Sonneratia alba were isolated and characterized using Acidified Potato Dextrose Agar (APDA) for samples collected in January 2009 only. A total of 7 and 6 species were identified from among the isolates in oiled and unoiled sites. Although there is a little difference in species composition, almost all the isolated species was frequently occurring in both oiled and uncoiled sites. Gliomastix morurom (5.8%) in the unoiled site was only frequently occurring. The results may imply that difference in frequency of occurrence of certain species might be an indicator for sub-lethal effects of oil but needs further investigations to consider environmental factors among other factors.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Physiochemical factors affecting mangrove distribution and occurrence in selected sites in the Province of Antique
    Agapin, Antonio, Jr. D. (Division of Biological Sciences, Bachelor of Science in Biology, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)
    Mangrove forests are unique inter-tidal ecosystems comprised of taxonomically diverse, salt-tolerant tree and other plant species that are primarily found o.i relatively sheltered coastlines, deltas, estuaries, and lagoons in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The objective of this study is to generally determine the physicochemical factors influencing the distribution and occurrence of mangroves in selected sites in the Province of Antique and to specifically measure selected physicochemical factors influencing the distribution and occurrence per species per municipality and correlate selected physicochemical factors like soil and water salinity, soil and water pH, and soil and water temperature influencing the distribution and occurrence per species per municipality using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. There were 224 plots established in 11 municipalities in the province of Antique. Twenty-five plots were established in Anini-y, 44 in Hamtic, 11 in San Jose, 5 in Belison, 18 in Patnongon, 23 in Bugasong, 11 in Barbaza, 9 in Tibiao, 26 in Culasi, 23 in Pandan, and 29 in Semirara. A total of 27 true mangrove species belonging to 12 families were found in the 11 municipalities of Antique. The 12 families are Family Avicenniaceae represented by Avicennia alba , Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinales, and Avicennia rumphiana', Family Combretaceae represented by Lumnitzera racemosa and Lumnitzera littorea; Family Euphorbiaceae represented by Excoecaria agallocha; Family Lythraceae represented by Pemphis acidula; Family Meliaceae represented by Xylocarpus granatum and Xylocarpus moluccensis; Family Myrsinaceae represented by Aegiceras coniculatum and Aegiceras floridum; Family Myrtaceae represented by Osbornia octodonta; Family Arecaeae (Palmae) represented by Nypa fruticans; Family Rhizophoraceae represented by Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera sexangula, Ceriops decandra, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa; Family Rubiaceae represented by Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea; Family Sonneratiaceae presented by Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris, Sonneratia ovata; and Family Sterculiaceae represented by Heritiera littoralis. For Soil pH, the highest value of 8.87 was observed in the municipality of Hamtic and the lowest at 6.32 in the municipality of Semirara. Overall mean soil pH was 7.31. For Water pH, the highest value of 8.96 was observed in the municipality of San Jose, and the lowest value of 6.29 in the municipality of Tibiao. Overall mean water pH was 7.23. For salinity, it ranged from 3.1 ppt (Tibiao) to 27.47 (Semirara) and the overall mean was 13.37 ppt For Water Temperature, the highest value of 29.48 °C was observed in Anini-y & the lowest value of 24.74 °C in the municipality of Semirara with an overall mean of 27.40 °C. For Soil Temperature, the highest value of 30.2 °C was observed in the municipality of Belison & the lowest value of 24.97 °C in the municipality of Semirara with an overall mean of 27.50 °C. Among the species present, Aegiceras floridum showed significant correlation with Soil pH (favor low soil pH), water pH ( favor low water pH), salinity ( favor high salinity), soil temperature (favor high soil temperature) and water temperature (low water temperature), A. rumphiana showed significant correlation with water pH (favor low water pH) and soil temperature ( favor low soil temperature), B. cylindrica showed significant correlation with soil pH ( favor high soil pH), C. decandra showed significant correlation with water pH (favor low water pH) and salinity (favor high salinity), L. littorea showed significant correlation with soil pH (favor high soil pH), water pH (favor high water pH), salinity (favor high salinity), soil temperature (favor high soil temperature) and water temperature (favor high water temperature), O. octodonta showed significant correlation with soil pH (favor high soil pH), water pH (favor low water pH), salinity ( favor low salinity), soil temperature (favor high soil temperature) and water temperature (favor low water temperature), S. caseolaris showed significant correlation with water pH (favor low water pH), salinity (favor low salinity), soil temperature (favor low soil temperature) and water temperature (favor low water temperature) and S. ovata showed significant correlation with soil pH ( low soil pH), salinity (favor low salinity) and water temperature (favor low water temperature). Species like A. corniculatum, A. alba, A. marina, B. sexxangula, E agallocha, H. littoralis, L racemosa, N. fruticans, R apiculata, R mucronata, R stylosa, S. alba, X. granatum and X. moluccencis showed wide tolerance (no correlation) in all physicochemical factors (Soil Salinity, Water pH, Soil pH, Soil Temperature and Water Temperature).