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    The growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus Fries) using fish wastewater as fertilizer
    Arroyo, Karen T. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2000-04)
    Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, is an edible wood-inhabiting fungi that continues to gain popularity in the Philippines, as well as in other tropical countries. With the use of modern technology, this mushroom can be grown in the Philippines, provided sufficient moisture is present. Its present cultivation is limited, perhaps due to insufficiency of planting materials and the limited knowledge about its culture. The main objective of the study was to establish the possibility of the replacement of urea, the commonly used fertilizer for mushroom cultivation by fish wastewater. The study also aimed to compare the effects of different concentrations of fish wastewater on the growth of mushrooms and determine which treatment produced the best results. A total of five groups were used: two control groups (positive and negative - using urea and water, respectively) and three experimental groups, the latter with different concentrations of fish wastewater serving as alternative fertilizer (A: 10%, B: 20%, C: 30%). Fruiting bags were inoculated with oyster mushroom spawn, and after a month of incubation, the growing mushrooms were assessed using the parameters of number, weight, length, and diameter. Results showed that the weight of oyster mushrooms was heaviest when the substrate was sprayed with plain water. However, the number of mushrooms harvested, their length, and the width of the pilei were not affected by spraying the substrate with urea or moistening these with up to 30% fish wastewater. The conclusions reached were: 1) when using sawdust as substrate for oyster mushroom cultivation, it is best to simply use water to maintain the moisture of the material; 2) sawdust used in combination with low concentration of fish wastewater (10%) can result in good production; 3) neither nitrogen nor urea may be a critical factor for the growth of oyster mushroom on sawdust; and 4) high amount of phosphorus and low potassium content of fish wastewater are favorable for oyster mushroom growth.
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    Community structure of mangroves in selected barangays in Sebaste, Antique
    Alorro, Mary Juandin Grace F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-03)
    Mangroves are higher plants that are primarily found predominantly in the intertidal areas such as estuaries and lagoons of the tropical and subtropical shorelines. This study was conducted to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Callan, Barangay Idio, Barangay Poblacion, Barangay Abiera, and Barangay Bacalan, Sebaste, Antique, using the transect line method. Specifically, it aimed to determine selected physical and chemical factors such as salinity, pH, temperature for water and soil as well as characterization of the substrate; identify and classify true mangrove species present in the area; and describe the community structure in terms of stand basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, importance value, Shannon index of diversity, zonation patterns, seedling and sapling density. No study has been done to document the community structure of mangroves in Sebaste, Antique thus, this study was done to provide vital information needed for its proper management. Three stations were selected in Sebaste, Antique. Four (4) species of true mangroves were identified, belonging to three (3) families: Palmae - Nypa fruticans; Rhizophoraceae - Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; and Euphorbiaceae - Excoecaria agallocha. The study area had a water salinity range of 0.6 ppt to 15.3 ppt; water temperature range of 28.3°C to 35.4°C; water pH range of 7.1 to 7.7; soil temperature range of 28.3°C to 34.7°C; and soil pH range of 6.5 to 7.2. Basal area ranges from 3.16 m2/ha (Rhizophora apiculata) to 5.88 m2/ha (Excoecaria agallochd) to 8.19 m2/ha (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) . The species with the highest average of stems per hectare were Excoecaria agallocha and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza with 300 as well as the highest average density value of 100 for Excoecaria agallocha. Nypa fruticans had the highest relative frequency and relative dominance. Among the four species, the most important species was Nypa fruticans. The Shannon Index of Dominance was 0.403 which was quite low in terms of diversity as influenced by the dominance of Nypa fruticans.
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    Living above and belowground biomass and carbon stock assessment of station 1, Taklong Island, Taklong Island National Marine Reserve, Guimaras, Philippines
    Alegado, Alexis Jude T. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)
    The Taklong National Marine Reserve is one of the marine protected sites in the country with a good cover of mangroves. This study assessed the species composition, diversity, aboveground biomass and the estimated carbon of the natural mangrove forest found in Taklong Island Station 1. Barangay Lapaz. Nueva Valencia. Guimaras. The study aimed to: a.) map out the area of the selected mangrove patches, b.) identify the species composition and diversity of the sampling site, c.) quantify the aboveground and belowground biomass, carbon stock of live vegetations, and d.) to convert the carbon stock to carbon dioxide equivalence (CO₂e) of the selected station. This study is only limited to the estimation of living aboveground, belowground and the carbon stock using the published allometric equations. Only 7 species of mangroves were found in the site belonging to 3 families. The mean stand basal area was 21.47 m2 ha-1. The species diversity is low at 0.23 due to low speciation of species of mangroves on the site. The total aboveground biomass was 506.89 Mg ha-1 and carbon dioxide emission potential (CO₂e) of 2,498.15Mg CO₂e. This shows that mangrove in Station 1 of Taklong Island has stored a considerable amount of carbon overtime. Hence, there must be a proper management and protection of this ecosystem.