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    Diversity and structural complexity of mangrove stands in Barangay Mag-aba, Pandan, Antique
    Bolivar, Lucille S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)
    Mangrove forests provide a variety of ecological functions and economic services. However, full realization of these is also hampered by lack of understanding of the structural complexity that brings about a unique ecosystem. There is a need to understand the current status and dynamics of mangroves under threats of both natural and anthropogenic factors. The mangrove forest at Barangay Mag-aba, Pandan, Antique, that is part of the Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park, is one of the few patches of mangroves in Antique offering good opportunity to study diversity and stand structure. This study provides an important baseline data for conservation efforts and for comparison with other mangrove stands in the region. This study aimed to assess qualitatively and quantitatively the mangrove community structure of the Mag-aba mangrove forest. Specifically, the objectives of this study included (1) determination of selected physical and chemical factors affecting mangroves, (2) identification and classification of true mangrove species in the area and (3) analysis of the community structure. The modified line plot method for community structure survey was applied. A total of 19 true mangrove species from eight families were recorded in the area with Family Acanthaceae being the most represented. The stand basal area of 35.48 m2/ha was indicative of a mature community system. Structure analysis showed that Excoecaria agallocha (31.31%) was the most dominant species and had the highest importance value (81.29) followed by Bruguiera cylindrica, Xylocarpus granatum and Sonneratia alba. Trees made up 50% of the community composition with a density of 2044.44 t/ha. Barangay Mag-aba had a mean species diversity index (H’) of 0.95 indicating a low number of species present and a mean species evenness value (J’) of 0.38 indicative of an unequal species distribution. High complexity and diversity were observed in the upper intertidal zone where soil salinity is low. These results provide important insights to the underlying ecological functions of the mangroves in the area as basis of a more dynamic and intensive conservation action.
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    The community structure of mangroves in Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Pinamuk-an, New Washington, Aklan
    Blanco, Florence T. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visaya, 2004-04)
    Mangrove ecosystems presently cover an area of about 20 million hectares worldwide. Mangroves grow in environmental settings ranging from highly humid to extremely arid conditions, and in soils which range from pure clays to peat, sand or coral rubble. This study was conducted to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Pinamuk-an, New Washington, Aklan, using the transect line method of English et al (1995). Specifically, it aimed to determine selected physical and chemical factors such as salinity, pH, temperature for water and soil as well as characterization of substrates; to identify and classify true mangrove species present in the area; to describe the community structure in terms of stand basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, importance value, shannon index of diversity, zonation patterns, seedling and sapling density. No study had been conducted to document the community structure of mangroves in New Washington, Aklan. This study was done to provide these vital information needed for its proper management. Five stations were selected in Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Pinamuk-an, New Washington, Aklan. Twenty-two (22) species of mangroves were identified belonging to nine (9) families: Avicenniaceae -Avicennia alab, A marina, a officinalis, A rumphiana; Bombaceae - Camptostemon philippinensis; Combretaceae - Lumnitzera littorea, L racemosa; Euphorbiaceae - Exoecaria agallocha; Meliaceae - Xylocarpus granatum, X moluccensis; Myrsinaceae - Aegiceras corniculatum; Myrtaceae - Osbornia octodonta; Palmae - Nypa fruticans; Rhizophoraceae - Bruguiera cylindrica, B parviflora, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R mucronata; Rubiaceae-Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea; Sonneratiaceae -Sonneratia alba, S caseolaris; Sterculiaceae-Herittiera littoralis. The study area had a water salinity of 6 ppt to 25 ppt ; water temperature of 27 °C to 30 °C ; soil temperature 27°C to 29°C ; water pH 2.29 to 7.80; soil pH 6.30 and 7.59. Basal area ranged from 0.008 m2/ha for Bruguiera parviflora to 114 nr/ha for Sonneratia alba The species with the highest average stems per hectare recorded was Avicennia rumphiana with 3320. The species with the highest average density recorded was Avicennia rumphiana with a value of 54.984. The station with the highest density was Station 3 and 4 while Station 1 and 5 had the lowest. Two species had the highest Relative Frequency. Xylocarpus granatum and Sonneratia alba were in all stations with 100% occurrence. From the 22 true mangrove species recorded, Avicennia rumphiana had the highest relative dominance of 462.30; the least was Bruguiera parviflora (0.06). The most important species was Avicennia rumphiana (118.51) while the least was Sonneratia caseolaris (1.23). The area is considered to be highly diverse at 0.7835. While on a per plot basis, Station 5 had the highest at 0.9439 while least at Station 1 with 0.5709 Index of Diversity.
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    Community structure of beach forest species in Mag-aba, Pandan, Antique
    Banogon, Tharrah Anne O. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)
    The Philippine beach forest is one of the understudied and less-popular important ecosystem that provides great number of food and economic products in the country. In fact, we lost them much earlier than the mangrove community that there is miniscule information is existing about them. There is a need for understanding the forest status and community structure due to the rising threats of natural and anthropogenic factors. The unexplored forest patch in Barangay Mag-aba, Pandan, Antique can provide additional information on beach forest diversity and abundance in the country, thus the need for this study. This study aimed to record the different species and to provide description of the community of beach forest in Mag-aba, Pandan. Specifically, the objectives of this study are (1) identify, describe and classify the beach forest species present in the area, and (2) describe the community structure in terms of species composition, diameter at breast height and stand height, stand basal area, importance value, evenness and Shannon- Weiner Index of Diversity. The transect plot method adopted from English et al (1994) was used to obtained quantitative data. A total of 80 beach forest species representing 41 families were recorded. The family Fabaceae and the species Cocos nucifera dominated the forest community. The stand basal area of 83.24 m2 ha-1 reflects a mature beach forest community, however the community is made up of mostly low DBH classes (saplings and seedling) also indicating a regenerating forest. Mag-aba is characterized to have a low species diversity (H'=1.17), however the individual species are fairly distributed (J'- 0.83). These results are addition to the existing knowledge of beach forest community that would serve as information for conservation measures.
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    Community structure of mangroves in selected barangays in Sebaste, Antique
    Alorro, Mary Juandin Grace F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-03)
    Mangroves are higher plants that are primarily found predominantly in the intertidal areas such as estuaries and lagoons of the tropical and subtropical shorelines. This study was conducted to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Callan, Barangay Idio, Barangay Poblacion, Barangay Abiera, and Barangay Bacalan, Sebaste, Antique, using the transect line method. Specifically, it aimed to determine selected physical and chemical factors such as salinity, pH, temperature for water and soil as well as characterization of the substrate; identify and classify true mangrove species present in the area; and describe the community structure in terms of stand basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, importance value, Shannon index of diversity, zonation patterns, seedling and sapling density. No study has been done to document the community structure of mangroves in Sebaste, Antique thus, this study was done to provide vital information needed for its proper management. Three stations were selected in Sebaste, Antique. Four (4) species of true mangroves were identified, belonging to three (3) families: Palmae - Nypa fruticans; Rhizophoraceae - Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; and Euphorbiaceae - Excoecaria agallocha. The study area had a water salinity range of 0.6 ppt to 15.3 ppt; water temperature range of 28.3°C to 35.4°C; water pH range of 7.1 to 7.7; soil temperature range of 28.3°C to 34.7°C; and soil pH range of 6.5 to 7.2. Basal area ranges from 3.16 m2/ha (Rhizophora apiculata) to 5.88 m2/ha (Excoecaria agallochd) to 8.19 m2/ha (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) . The species with the highest average of stems per hectare were Excoecaria agallocha and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza with 300 as well as the highest average density value of 100 for Excoecaria agallocha. Nypa fruticans had the highest relative frequency and relative dominance. Among the four species, the most important species was Nypa fruticans. The Shannon Index of Dominance was 0.403 which was quite low in terms of diversity as influenced by the dominance of Nypa fruticans.
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    Community structure, biomass production and carbon stock assessment of mangroves in Barangay Ambolong, Batan, Aklan
    Agregado, Leizel B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)
    Mangroves are evergreen shrubs and trees of several unrelated families that thrive within intertidal zones of sheltered flats, coves, bays, and estuarine regions extending inland along streams and river where water is primarily brackish. Continued threats to their existence call for their protection and conservation. This study was conducted to assess the community structure of mangroves in Brgy. Ambolong, Batan, Aklan by 1). measuring physico-chemical parameters (salinity, temperature, pH) 2). describing the community structure in terms of and in terms of a) basal area, b) stems per hectare, c) relative density, d) relative frequency, e) relative dominance, f) importance value, g) Index of Diversity, h) seedling and sapling density, and i) zonation pattern; 3). to assess the bidmass production and carbon stock. This study was done to provide preliminary information regarding the current status of mangroves in the area. Three (3) transect lines, each containing three (3) plots, were established in the area. Twenty (20) mangrove species belonging to eleven (11) families were identified: Acanthaceae - Acanthus ebreatus, Acanthus volubilis; Arecaceae - Nypa fruticans; Avicenniaceae - Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia rumphiana; Bombaceae — Camptostemon philippinensis; Euphorbiaceae - Excoecaria agallocha; Meliaceae — Xylocarpus grioanatum, Xylocarpus moluccensis; Myrsinaceae — Aegiceras corniculatum; Myrtaceae - Osbornia octodonta; Rhizophoraceae - Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa; Rubiaceae - Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea; Sonneratiaceae - Sonneratia alba. Water salinity in the study area ranged from 27-30 ppt; soil temperature ranged from 28°C to 30°C. Avicennia marina had the highest values for basal area (4.22 m2/ha), stems per hectare (15,700 stems per hectare), relative density (63.56), relative frequency (63.56%), relative dominance (48.10%), and was the most important species with the importance value of 175. Rhizophora stylosa had the lowest values for basal area (0.002 m2/ha), stems per hectare (100 stems/ha), relative density (0.40 trees/ha), relative frequency (0.4%), relative dominance (0.23%), and was the least important species, having the importance value of 0.832. Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia officinalis, together with Rhizophora stylosa, had the lowest value for stems per hectare (100 stems/ha), relative density (0.40 trees/ha), and relative frequency (0.4%). Seedling density was highest for Avicennia alba(187 seedlings/ha) and lowest for Bruguiera cylindrica (1 seedling/ha). Sapling density was highest for Avicennia marina (54 saplings/ha) and lowest for Excoecaria agallocha (1 sapling/ha). The Index of Diversity was H=0.598. The highest recorded litter was 336.6 g in December 19, 2012-January 2, 2013 while the lowest was recorded at 18.2 grams in December 5-December 29, 2012. Highest biomass production was that of Avicennia marina (962.94 tons/ha), while the lowest was Avicennia officinalis (0.009 tons/ha). Avicennia marina had the highest carbon stock value of 433.32 tons/ha; the lowest was that of Avicennia officinalis (0.004 tons/ha).
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    Assessment of damage to mangroves in Taklong Island National Marine Reserve, Guimaras, Philippines: 10 years after the 2006 oil spill
    Amistas, Jhon Robert (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)
    Approximately 2 million liters of bunker C was spilled by M/T Solar I off the coast of southern Guimaras on August 11, 2006. This is the worst oil spill in the country to date that affected the mangroves within Taklong Island National Marine Reserve, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. Rapid assessment of impacts on the mangroves was done one month after the spill and long-term monitoring was done from 2007-2014. This study was conducted to determine the mangrove status 10 years after the spill in terms of community structure. Specifically, it determined a) species composition, b) stand basal area, c) stand height, d) relative density, e) relative dominance, e) relative frequency, f) importance value, g) index of diversity, h) species evenness, i) density of seedling, saplings, and trees. In addition, leaf area was also determined as an indicator of the health conditions of the species present. The same five stations in earlier studies were used, namely Bagaman, Pototan, Taklong Island (oiled), Tandog and Taklong Island (unoiled), Nueva Valencia, and Guimaras. Results showed that the community structure showed an improvement, especially in stand, basal area, wilding, and tree density while no change in terms of species diversity due to the absence of new species. The leaf areas of mangroves in Bagatnan indicated some signs of stress but showed an improvement since 2006. In general, the oil-affected mangroves in TINMR have shown signs of recovery. However, it is recommended that additional monitoring activities be conducted.