UPV Theses and Dissertations
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Item Mangrove community structure survey in Barangay Guisi and Linayasan, Altavas, AklanBullo, Gliford G. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)The mangrove forest is a complex and unique community of medium to large tress, shrubs, vines and palms, oddly thriving with luxuriant growth in the least inviting habitats which have the barest and limited conditions for the growth and survival of higher plant life. This study aims to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Guisi and Linayasan, Altavas, Aklan using accepted ecological indicators. The sampling site, Altavas, Aklan is located at the upper median of Panay Island. There was a total of 15 true mangrove species belonging to the 9 families in the area. The nine families are Family Myrsinaceae represented by Aegiceras corniculatum, Family Avicenniaceae represented by Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis and Avicennia rumphiana; Family Rhizophorceae represented by Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Bruguiera parviflora; Family Bombacaceae represented by Camptostemon phihppensis; Family Rubiaceae represented by Scyphiphora hydrophylaceae; Family Meliaceae represented by Xylocarpus granatum and Family Palmae represented by Nypa fruticans. Avicennia rumphiana has the highest mean basal area of 23.21 (m2/ha), while Xylocarpus granatum had the lowest mean basal area of 0.01 (m2/ha). Avicennia rumphiana has the highest relative density of 57, while Xylocarpus granatum has the lowest relative density with a value of 1. Avicennia rumphiana and Avicennia officinalis had the highest relative frequency of 19.8667 Aegiceras corniculatum, Excoecaria agallocha, Scyphtphora hydrophylaceae and Xylocarpus grunatum on the other hand had the lowest relative frequency of 0.4. Avicennia rumphiana is the dominant species with a relative dominance value of 23.66, and Xylocarpus granatum is the least dominant species with relative dominance value of 0.01. Avicennia rumphiana is the most important species in the area with an importance value of 127.1816, and the least important species, as observed, is Xylocarpus granatum with an importance value of 1.685863. The index of diversity is 0.918655 for the entire area.Item Mangrove community structure survey in Pedada Bay, Ajuy, IloiloBravo, Mark G. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)Mangroves are uniquely tropical, globally occurring and one of the most pervasive coastline ecosystems. They are one of the highly productive and one of the most diverse wetlands on earth. The objective of this study is to assess the community structure of mangroves in Pedada Bay, Ajuy, Iloilo, in particular the species composition and diversity in relation to the physical and chemical factors. Pedada Bay is located in the northern part of Panay Island. The transect line plot method was used to survey the community structure of the mangroves. The floristic composition of Pedada Bay was composed of a total of 18 true mangrove species belonging to 11 families. The true mangroves were Family Avicenniaceae represented by Avicennia marina and A. rumphiana, Family Bombacaceae represented by Camptostemon philippinensis, Family Combretaceae represented by Lumnitzera racemosa, Family Euphorbiaceae represented by Exoecaria agallocha, Family Meliaceae composed of Xylocarpus granatum and X. moluccensis, Family Myrsinaceae composed of Aegiceras corniculatum and A. floridum, Family Myrtaceae represented by Osbornia octodonta, Family Palmae represented by Nypa fruticans, Family Rhizophoraceae composed of Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, and R. stylosa, Family Rubiaceae, composed of Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, and Family Sonneratiaceae, composed of Sonneratia alba. Average basal area for the entire Pedada Bay ranges from 300.564 m2/ha for Sonneratia alba to 0.008 m2/ha for Rhizophora mucronata. Average stems per hectare ranges from 1,988 for Avicennia marina to 5 stems per hectare for Aegiceras corniculatum. Of the three barangays of Pedada Bay, Barangay Pedada had the highest basal area while Barangay Luca had the lowest basal area. Sonneratia alba was the most dominant species in the bay. Avicennia marina was the densest, the most frequently occurring, and the most important species in Pedada Bay. The entire area had a high diversity index of 0.718. A distinct zonation pattern was observed in the area. Seedling density ranges from 1,421 seedlings for Sonneratia alba to 1 seedling for Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. Sapling density ranges from 166 for Avicennia marina to 1 for Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea.Item Identification of intertidal fungi from mangroves in Iloilo RiverBonifacio, Jo F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-04)This study aims to describe, identify and classify intertidal fungi through direct examination of the collected mangrove wood samples in Iloilo River, Iloilo City, Philippines. This will provide additional information about the occurrence of fungi in estuarine environments. One hundred samples of decayed but attached roots and stems of unidentified mangroves were collected in each of the intertidal zone of the three study sites (Study Site I: Sooc, Oton, Iloilo; Study Site II: Dulonan, Arevalo, Iloilo City; Study Site III: Diversion River, near Marina Restaurant) in Iloilo River. In Study Site 1, The total number of species collected was 11, 4 of which belong to Phylum Ascomycota, 2 belong to Phylum Deuteromycota and 5 belong to Phylum Basidiomycota. In Study Site II, there were 10, 6 belong to Phylum Ascomycota, 3 to Phylum Deuteromycota and 1 to Phylum Basidiomycota and in Study Site III, total number of species was 14, 7 belong to Phylum Ascomycota, 4 to Phylum Deuteromycota and 3 to Phylum Basidiomycota. The total number of species of fungi collected in the three study sites were 20 (8 ascomycetes, 7 basidiomycetes, and 5 deuteromycetes). The frequently occurring fungi (10-29 % fiequency of occurrence) are Eutypa sp. (15.3%), followed by Periconia prolifica (13 %) and Verruculina enalia (10.3%). The remaining 17 species were collected infrequently (<10 % fiequency of occurrence). The ascomycetes were the most dominant group of fungi collected in this study.Item Rhizosphere fungal diversity of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza in Mag-aba, Pandan, AntiqueBolivia, Marielle Angeli D. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)Fungi are popularly known to be both ecologically and economically important but knowledge about its diversity particularly fungi located in the rhizosphere of mangroves is poorly known. Fungal population in rhizosphere are closely linked to plant health and growth, function as decomposers of plant residues, antagonize pathogens, and provider of nutrients. However, few studies have been done on this group in the mangroves. The study aimed to assess the rhizosphere fungal diversity of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza in Mag-aba. Pandan, Antique. Specifically, it aimed to (1) isolate, characterize, identify and classify the fungi collected. (2) determine the overall species composition and (3) quantify fungal load in terms of colony forming units (CFU/g). A total of 16 morphological species were identified belonging to four genera namely Aspergillus, Penicillium, Acremonium, Neosartorya and five unknown species of Hyphomycetes. The frequently occurring species in this study were similar to the findings from previous studies such as Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Fungal load (CFU/g) was quantified using two types of media, Com meal agar and Potato dextrose agar. Both culture media obtained a high fungal load quantify (5.0xl04) which is near the typical fungal load of a healthy fertile soil. Shannon-Weiner, Shannon's equitability and Simpson diversity were 2.20, 0.92 and 0.90, respectively. The results suggest that there is a low diversity consistent with previous reports. Thus, more studies should be conducted in other mangrove areas to have a more comprehensive assessment of the diversity and status of rhizosphere fungi in mangrove ecosystems.Item Diversity and structural complexity of mangrove stands in Barangay Mag-aba, Pandan, AntiqueBolivar, Lucille S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)Mangrove forests provide a variety of ecological functions and economic services. However, full realization of these is also hampered by lack of understanding of the structural complexity that brings about a unique ecosystem. There is a need to understand the current status and dynamics of mangroves under threats of both natural and anthropogenic factors. The mangrove forest at Barangay Mag-aba, Pandan, Antique, that is part of the Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park, is one of the few patches of mangroves in Antique offering good opportunity to study diversity and stand structure. This study provides an important baseline data for conservation efforts and for comparison with other mangrove stands in the region. This study aimed to assess qualitatively and quantitatively the mangrove community structure of the Mag-aba mangrove forest. Specifically, the objectives of this study included (1) determination of selected physical and chemical factors affecting mangroves, (2) identification and classification of true mangrove species in the area and (3) analysis of the community structure. The modified line plot method for community structure survey was applied. A total of 19 true mangrove species from eight families were recorded in the area with Family Acanthaceae being the most represented. The stand basal area of 35.48 m2/ha was indicative of a mature community system. Structure analysis showed that Excoecaria agallocha (31.31%) was the most dominant species and had the highest importance value (81.29) followed by Bruguiera cylindrica, Xylocarpus granatum and Sonneratia alba. Trees made up 50% of the community composition with a density of 2044.44 t/ha. Barangay Mag-aba had a mean species diversity index (H’) of 0.95 indicating a low number of species present and a mean species evenness value (J’) of 0.38 indicative of an unequal species distribution. High complexity and diversity were observed in the upper intertidal zone where soil salinity is low. These results provide important insights to the underlying ecological functions of the mangroves in the area as basis of a more dynamic and intensive conservation action.Item The community structure of mangroves in Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Pinamuk-an, New Washington, AklanBlanco, Florence T. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visaya, 2004-04)Mangrove ecosystems presently cover an area of about 20 million hectares worldwide. Mangroves grow in environmental settings ranging from highly humid to extremely arid conditions, and in soils which range from pure clays to peat, sand or coral rubble. This study was conducted to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Pinamuk-an, New Washington, Aklan, using the transect line method of English et al (1995). Specifically, it aimed to determine selected physical and chemical factors such as salinity, pH, temperature for water and soil as well as characterization of substrates; to identify and classify true mangrove species present in the area; to describe the community structure in terms of stand basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, importance value, shannon index of diversity, zonation patterns, seedling and sapling density. No study had been conducted to document the community structure of mangroves in New Washington, Aklan. This study was done to provide these vital information needed for its proper management. Five stations were selected in Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Pinamuk-an, New Washington, Aklan. Twenty-two (22) species of mangroves were identified belonging to nine (9) families: Avicenniaceae -Avicennia alab, A marina, a officinalis, A rumphiana; Bombaceae - Camptostemon philippinensis; Combretaceae - Lumnitzera littorea, L racemosa; Euphorbiaceae - Exoecaria agallocha; Meliaceae - Xylocarpus granatum, X moluccensis; Myrsinaceae - Aegiceras corniculatum; Myrtaceae - Osbornia octodonta; Palmae - Nypa fruticans; Rhizophoraceae - Bruguiera cylindrica, B parviflora, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R mucronata; Rubiaceae-Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea; Sonneratiaceae -Sonneratia alba, S caseolaris; Sterculiaceae-Herittiera littoralis. The study area had a water salinity of 6 ppt to 25 ppt ; water temperature of 27 °C to 30 °C ; soil temperature 27°C to 29°C ; water pH 2.29 to 7.80; soil pH 6.30 and 7.59. Basal area ranged from 0.008 m2/ha for Bruguiera parviflora to 114 nr/ha for Sonneratia alba The species with the highest average stems per hectare recorded was Avicennia rumphiana with 3320. The species with the highest average density recorded was Avicennia rumphiana with a value of 54.984. The station with the highest density was Station 3 and 4 while Station 1 and 5 had the lowest. Two species had the highest Relative Frequency. Xylocarpus granatum and Sonneratia alba were in all stations with 100% occurrence. From the 22 true mangrove species recorded, Avicennia rumphiana had the highest relative dominance of 462.30; the least was Bruguiera parviflora (0.06). The most important species was Avicennia rumphiana (118.51) while the least was Sonneratia caseolaris (1.23). The area is considered to be highly diverse at 0.7835. While on a per plot basis, Station 5 had the highest at 0.9439 while least at Station 1 with 0.5709 Index of Diversity.Item The community structure of mangroves in Ivisan, CapizBermoy, Gian Carlo A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)The structure of the mangrove community in Ivisan, Capiz was studied using the transect line plot method with fifteen plots established. This study aims to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Agustin Navarra and Barangay Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz using accepted ecological indicators. Community structure is described in terms of the following parameters: basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, importance value of the species, and the Shannon Index of Diversity. Variations in these parameters are correlated with certain physico-chemical factors such as air and water temperature, soil pH, and water salinity. Little study has been done to document the mangroves in Barangay Agustin Navarra and Barangay Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz. This is the first systematic study done in the area; thus, the present study will provide vital information needed for its proper management. A total of nineteen true mangrove species represented by ten families were identified on Barangay Agustin Navarra and Barangay Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz. The true mangroves consisted of Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinales, Avicennia rumphiana, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera parviflora, Camptostemon philippinensis, Ceriops decandra, Exoecaria agallocha, Nypa fruticans, Osbornia octodonta, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, Xylocarpus granatum and Xylocarpus moluccensis. All the species were present in Station 1 except Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. The species present in Station 2 and in both stations were Avicennia marina, Avicennia rumphiana, Exoecaria agallocha, Osbornia oclodonta, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, and Sonneratia alba. Avicennia marina has the overall highest relative density of 340 trees per hectare, relative frequency of 22%, relative dominance of 266.655%, and importance value of 628.841%. Seedlings and saplings of Avicennia marina dominate the area indicating that the mangrove community is young and regenerating stand. Barangay Agustin Navarra has the highest index of diversity of 0.87 while Barangay Balaring has an index of diversity of 0.47. The overall index of diversity is 0.674.Item Preliminary assessment of forest canopy and seedling condions of mangroves in oil affected areas in Taklong Island National Marine Reserve, GuimarasBenitez, Zaina Lei Licaniel (2007-04)Mangroves are important ecologically and economically in coastal areas in tropica] and sub-tropical areas in the world. However, they continue to be under threat from various human activities either directly or indirectly. The recent oil spill off the coast of southern Guimaras has brought numerous damages to these critical habitats including the mangroves in Taklong Island National Marine Reserve. This study is part of the over all Oil Spill Assessment program conducted by University of the Philippines in the Visayas following the sinking of M.T. Solar 1. This study aimed to determine the effect of oil spill on shoot development as an indicator of health conditions of trees and seedlings of selected mangroves such as Aegiceras floridum, Avicenia marina, Rhizophora apiculata Rhizophora , Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia alba, in Taklong Island National Marine Reserve. Specifically, it aims to determine 1) standing leaves, 2) new leaves, 3) leaf scars of trees and seedlings. Results showed that shoot development among trees were not significantly different between oiled and unoiled sites but closer examination of species response revealed significant differences on standing leaves and new leaves only. Seedling shoot development showed a consistent significant difference among species and between sites. Aegiceras floridum and Sonneratia alba were least affected as shown by the higher number of standing leaves and least number of leaf scar while the Rhizophora spp. and Avicennia marina had the greatest number of leaf scars and least number of standing leaves. Results of this study showed that seedlings are clearly under stress and are more sensitive to oiling than trees although species response also varied individually. While tree species such as the Rhizophora spp. (e.g. R. apiculata, R. stylosa and R. mucronata) appear to be the most sensitive compared with Aegiceras floridum, Avicennia marina and Sonneratia alba. Results of this study will be useful in providing new knowledge on the evaluation of impacts of oil spills on mangroves.Item Mangrove community structure in Makato River, Makato, AklanBejemino, Liza Marie P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)Mangroves are plants that thrive in habitats with very limited conditions for plant life. They are usually found in intertidal zones and along tropical and subtropical coasts. A lot of mangrove forests were destroyed due to overexploitation mainly by human activities. This study was the first to be conducted to provide the community structure of mangroves in Makato River. This study will establish the importance of mangrove communities as well as provide necessary information for the proper management of the mangrove community. The study aims to assess the community structure of mangroves in Makato River, Makato, Aklan. It specifically aims the following: (1) determine selected physical and chemical factors; (2) identify and classify true mangrove species present in the area; and (3) describe the community structure in terms of Stand Basal Area, Stems per Hectare, Relative Density, Relative frequency, Relative Dominance, Importance value, Shannon Index of Diversity, Zonation Pattern and Seedling and Sapling Density. There was a total of 22 true mangrove species belonging to nine families found in the study conducted in the mangrove community in Makato River, of the municipality of Makato, in the province of Aklan. The nine families are Family Avicenniaceae which is represented by Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia rumphiana and Avicennia officinalis, Family Rhizophoraceae which is represented by Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Bruguiera sexangula, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata , Rhizophora stylosa and Ceriops decandra, Family Sonneratiaceae which is represented by Sonneralia alba and Sonneratia caseolaris; Family Meliaceae which is represented by Xylocarpus granatum and Xylocarpus moluccensis; Family Myrsinaceae represented by Aegiceras corniculatum. Family Euphorbiaceae represented by Exoecaria agallocha, Family Sterculiaceae represented by Heritera littoralis , Family Palmae represented by Nypa fruticans , and Family Rubiaceae represented by Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. The salinity in the area ranges from 0-35 ppt. Water and soil temperature ranges from 24 C to 27 C while the water and soil pH is relatively neutral, ranging from 6.81 to 7.04. The stand basal area for the whole sampling area is 1370.838 m2/ha2. Avicennia officinalis has the highest basal area with 235.896. Nypa fruticans has the highest stems per hectare in the whole sampling area with 12500. There is an average of 6472.727 stems per hectare. Nypa fruticans has the most number of individuals having the highest relative density of 27.572. Herritiera litloralis is considered to be the least dense species with only 0.074. The frequently encountered species in the sampling site in Makato River is Nypa fruticans with 11.36%. Herritiera litloralis is the least occurring species with 0.61 %. The most dominant species found in the sampling site in Makato River is Nypa fruticans with 17.989. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza is the least dominant species with 0.009. The most important species in the mangrove community in Makato River is Nypa fruticans having an importance value of 56.923. The least important species is Heritiera litloralis with an importance value of only 0.916. The mangrove community in Makato River, Makato, Aklan is considered to be a diverse area having an index of diversity of 0.999. The zonation pattern is distinct in the three stations with station 1 as the freshwater zone dominated by Nypa fruticans and species which prefer low salinity such as Xylocarpus spp., Exoecaria agallocha and Heritiera littoralis. Station 2 which is considered as the middle zone is dominated by Avicennia sp., Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Aegiceras corniculatum which prefer moderate salinity. Station 3 or the seaward zone is dominated by species that prefer high salinity such as S. caseolaris, A. marina and R. stylosa. The species with the most number of seedlings is Avicennia marina with 0.2777 while the species with the least number is Xylocarpus muloccensis with 0.0016. Avicennia officinalis has the highest number of saplings with a density of 0.4092 while the least are Sonneratia alba, Bruguiera parviflora and Aegiceras corniculatum with a density of 0.0032 each.Item Mangrove community structure survey in Iloilo RiverBayate, Bryna Kimberly L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)Mangroves are highly productive forests growing along tropical tidal mudflats and shallow water coastal areas where water is generally brackish. The structure of the mangrove stand in the Iloilo River was studied using the transect line plot method with 55 plots established in the 3 out of 4 stations of the river. Community Structure is described in terms of the following parameters: basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance and importance value of the species and the Shannon Index of Diversity. Variations in these parameters are correlated with certain physico-chemical factors- soil and water temperature, soil and water pH, and water salinity.Nineteen(19) true mangrove species were found in the area belonging to 10 families. These include Mysinaceae family represented by Aegiceras corniculatum ; Avicenniaceae family represented by Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis and Avicennia rumphiana; Euphorbiaceae family represented by Excoecaria agallocha; Sterculiaceae family represented by Heritiera littoralis; Combretaceae family represented by Lumnitzera racemosa; Palmae family represented by Nypa fruticans; Rhizophoraceae family represented by Bruguiera cylindrica Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa; Sonneratiaceae family represented by Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Sonneratia ovata.Ruciaceae family represented by Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea and Meliaceae family represented by Xylocarpus granatum, and Xylocarpus meckongensis. Avicennia officinalis has the highest total basal area of 650.69m2/ha, Avicennia alba, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia rumphiana, Exoecaria agallocha, Lumnitzera racemosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba and Xylocarpus moluccensis have equal relative frequency of 0.074. Avicennia marina obtained the highest stems per hectare with a value of 38933.33, relative density of 0.405 relative dominance of 0.332 and importance value of 0.913. The index of diversity is 1.010, indicating that the area is diverse.