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UPV Theses and Dissertations

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2008 - 200912010 - 20141

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Adviser: search.filters.advisor.Malecosio, Serafin O.

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    Comparison of direct microscopy and concentration techniques using household bleach for the detection of acid-fast bacilli in sputum
    Bernabe, John Marvin S.; Biaoco, Beverly G.; Castillanes, Melvic A.; Fernandez, Ia Jean F.; Geraldoy, Ruffa V.; Molina, Ryge Albert D.; Pluma, Zyra April D.; Que, Agnes Karen B.; Servidad, Mercy Jeane C.; Tamayo, Kyria Mae Marre P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-03-29)
    Several published studies have demonstrated that the sedimentation and centrifugation concentration techniques which utilize sodium hypochlorite are more efficient in detecting acid fast bacilli in sputum smears compared to the conventional direct smear method. This study was conducted to (1) compare the proportion of AFB-positive samples by direct microscopy with the household bleach centrifugation concentration technique; (2) compare the proportion of AFB-positive samples by direct microscopy with the household bleach sedimentation concentration technique;(3) compare the proportion of AFB-positive samples by household bleach sedimentation with the centrifugation concentration techniques; and (4) compare the cost of the direct smear method, centrifugation concentration technique, and sedimentation concentration technique for detection of AFB. Sputum specimens were collected from TB-DOTS clinics in Miag-ao and San Joaquin, Iloilo and from Medicus laboratories in Iloilo City. The specimens were then processed through the direct smear method, centrifugation concentration method, and sedimentation concentration method. Out of 174 sputum samples included in this study, results revealed that (1) there was no significant difference in the proportions of AFB-positive slides detected using the direct microscopy and centrifugation concentration technique; (2) there was no significant difference in the proportions of AFB-positive slides detected using the direct microscopy and sedimentation concentration technique; (3) there was no significant difference in the proportions of AFB-positive slides detected using the centrifugation and the sedimentation concentration techniques; and (4) simple cost analysis of the three methods suggests that the direct smear method is the most cost efficient. The findings indicate that whichever method is used would yield almost the same proportions of AFB-positive slides. Internal quality control should be maintained throughout the laboratory work to obtain reliable results, as it is the manner of processing that determines the outcome of this study and its validity.
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    Oplan BAYANIHAN : kaBAYAN, Inodoro, iHandog sa mga Aeta Nating kababayan
    Balino, Beverly B.; Casidsid, Luzel Mytchz C.; De Pedro, Jobel D.; Dela Victoria, Jaysun D.; Garzon, Evita Flor L.; Heredia, Angelica Katrina A.; Jaranilla, Femm Dominique P.; Longno, Kathleen Joyce B.; Parreño, Karla B.; Yso, April Rose S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-03)
    Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are caused by parasitic worms or helminths that are transmitted to people through contaminated soil. The main species are the roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), the whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and the hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale). It is more prevalent among children living in conditions of poor sanitation particularly in indigenous people (IP) groups in the Philippines. OPLAN BAYANIHAN (kaBAYAN, Inodoro iHandog sa mga Aeta Nating Kababayan) primarily aimed to decrease the prevalence of soil- transmitted helminthiasis (STH) among the Aeta children of Purok V, Barangay San Nicolas, Buenavista, Guimaras. A responsible and functional core group was organized to assist in the implementation and monitoring of the projects. A stool examination was conducted prior to the construction of toilet facilities and results showed that all 30 Aeta children tested were positive for STH. The post stool examination was not performed due to the strict compliance of the Municipal Health Office to their biannual mass de worming schedule, but it will be performed after the mass deworming in Sitio Serum Bukid on April 3, 2O14.The knowledge and awareness regarding soil-transmitted helminthiasis increased by 30% or more through interactive lectures on how to prevent and control STH and on the proper usage of personal protective equipment (PPE). The knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the Aetas regarding proper hygiene increased by 30% or more through interactive lectures and trainings on hand washing, tooth brushing, and grooming. Flyers were distributed among Aeta parents and storybooks were handed over to the Day Care Center of Sitio Serum Bukid, and Kindergarten and Elementary teachers of San Nicolas Primary School. Nine toilet facilities were constructed and the installation of a clean and potable water source is underway.