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UPV Theses and Dissertations

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    The effect of the NFA rice subsidy program "Tindahan Natin" on the political attitudes of its rural poor household beneficiaries in Barangay Caraudan, Janiuay, Iloilo
    Bebelone, Diana Mae R.; Fernandez, Charity T. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)
    This study described the food security situation in a rural village where an NFA Rice Subsidy Program “Tindahan Natin” is in operation. It analyzes whether or not the Tindahan Natin program (IV) affects the political attitudes (DV) of its rural poor household beneficiaries. The research assessed the various levels of external political efficacy, political cynicism, political trust, and cynical statism of thirty-three (33) rural poor households (16 non-beneficiaries and 17 beneficiaries) in Barangay Caraudan, Janiuay, Iloilo. The study employed the Quasi-Experimental Method, specifically the Nonequivalent Control Group Design (NCGD). Using the non-probability purposive snow-ball sampling technique, a survey was conducted which assessed the sociodemographic profile of the respondents and measured their levels of political attitudes through Likert-Scale statements. Results show that the “Tindahan Natin” program by the government has been effective in increasing the accessibility and availability of basic food resources— specifically rice—in Barangay Caraudan. The levels of political trust among the beneficiaries of the food subsidy program is a a little bit higher compared to the nonbeneficiaries, which means that the government program has possibly strengthened the positive attitude and outlook towards the government, its institutions, and bureaucracy in general. All rural poor household respondents are highly cynical towards the government and the elected leaders and politicians. A substantial majority—regardless of being a beneficiary or a non-beneficiary of the Tindahan Natin—are highly dependent on the government’s provision of public services addressing food insecurity. There is no difference in the respondents’ assessment of the responsiveness of the government.
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    Political barter: A study of Makati City's emergency cash relief program and its link to local government legitimacy and incumbent electoral support
    Bedonia, Roberto S., III (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)
    Makati City ramped its pandemic response by implementing its own “Maka-Tulong 5K” cash assistance to its citizens. Although there are extant studies on the political dimension of cash assistance, the proliferation of this one-time provision merits further understanding. The research looked at the relationship between the benefeciaries’ perceived effects of the assistance and their local government’s legitimacy. It also examined the link between assistance received and prospective vote for the incumbent mayor in the 2022 elections. Using a descriptive research design and employing a structured questionnaire to the Slovin-sampled population (n=100) of citizenbeneficiaries, it is argued that positive perceived effects also confer high levels of local government legitimacy. However, facilitation of legitimacy by the assistance received is only at a moderate level as driven by the proximity of the cash effects with respondents’ needs. Moreover, the cash assistance could only potentially deliver incumbent votes. These results and findings were consolidated under ‘the system’s justification theory’ proposing that respondents had the motivation to provide legitimacy due mainly to the Makati government’s well-regarded pandemic response but such legitimation was regulated by the interface of situational-dispositional contextual factors.
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    Doors wide open? The attitudes of 82nd Infantry (Bantay Laya) Batallion straight male army personnel toward gay male army colleagues and civil-military operations stakeholders
    Bautista, Maria Theresa Louise; Mana-ay, Frances Ann (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)
    The Philippine Army is a male dominated bastion with a macho warrior culture. Its traditional functions of security and defense have long emphasized masculinity as an important foundation of the institution. Straight men have most of the power and influence in the organization. In 2009, the Armed Forces of the Philippines Lifted the gay ban, allowing gay men to serve in the military. The admission of gay men has become a sensitive issue and was viewed as a threat for the emasculation of the institution. There is an apprehension that allowing gay men to work in the army will negatively affect group cohesion and performance, thus, impairing its function as a force. There is also the probability that gay men who have become members of the army will be vulnerable to discrimination. Through focus group discussions, this paper compared the attitude of straight male army officers and enlisted personnel in the 82nd Infantry' Battalion toward the gay men they have encountered during civil military operations and toward their gay colleagues in the army. It also looked into the actual behavior of the straight male army members and the degree of stigmatization experienced by the gay men inside the camp. Their work environment (civil-military operations, combat and office work), living conditions, and leisure were evaluated. The straight male army officers’ concept of masculinity was also assessed. The policy responses of the institution after the lift of gay ban were looked into. A key-informant interview with a self-identified gay male army officer was also conducted. This research showed that the Philippine army does not completely accept gay men as part of the institution. In the workplace, gay male members of the army are underestimated and indirectly discriminated in a way that they are not usually sent to combat operations but are mostly assigned to civil-military operations work. This is because of the prevailing stereotype that they are soft and feminine. In the camp’s living conditions, it was found out that some of the straight army members are uncomfortable with the presence of gay men. Superior ranking officers also expressed their sentiment saying that gay male army members may tarnish the reputation of the institution which takes pride in their masculinity. There is also no policy inside the camp that safeguards the welfare of gay men and protects them from discrimination. This goes to show that the Philippine Military is not ready for the lift of gay ban and is yet to set a non discriminatory environment for the admission of gay men in the institution.
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    Homosexual organization networking strategies and abilities in a participatory democracy: A case study of butterfly brigade's advocacy campaign on STI/RTI HIV/AIDS prevention in Aklan province
    Barluado, Bonifar A., Jr. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-03)
    This is a study about Butterfly Brigade, a homosexual organization in Aklan Province. It explains how Butterfly Brigade interacts with the local government within the venues and spaces provided for it. It describes how Butterfly Brigade forms linkages and networks of support with local government units and other organizations in formulating strategies and in mobilizing for their goal under various cooperative frameworks. The mode of data collection was through personal interviews and also includes the information from written materials and organizational files of the Butterfly Brigade. The study was conducted in Boracay Island, Municipality of Malay where Butterfly Brigade has a considerable number of activities related to its AIDS Awareness program. Butterfly Brigade interacts with the local government by being a member of the Provincial AIDS Council (PAC). The Local Government of Aklan provides Butterfly Brigade a legitimate role in policy-making through PAC. Butterfly Brigade creates a network of linkages with the Provincial Government of Aklan, UNFPA, DKT-Philippines, school administrations, and other civic organizations by conducting information dissemination activities under various AIDS and STD related campaigns. Conservative institutions like the Catholic Church have opposed Butterfly Brigade activity.
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    Comparative study of democratic action in the Facebook accounts of Akbayan, Bayan Muna and Partido ng Mangagawa in the 2010 pre-elections, election and post-election periods
    Baban, Ivy B.; Sia, Christine Marie M. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)
    Facebook as a social networking site offers an arena where users can engage in political discussions. Facebook is also increasingly becoming an important venue for political socialization and for gathering and sharing political knowledge among its users. For political parties in particular, Facebook is a useful tool in forwarding its agenda and generating interest among followers. This paper examined the volume, density and quality of democratic action, categorized into information sharing, public opinion and public discourse, among users of the Facebook accounts of Akbayan, Bayan Muna and Partido ng Manggagawa political parties before, during and after the 2010 elections. The level of information sharing in the Facebook accounts depicted a downward fashion, having only the greatest outlay of data in the pre-election period. Public opinion elicited the least number of participation with the election period as the lone impetus for opiniongiving. Public discussion in Facebook political party pages was present. However, the extent to which these discussions have been forwarded was limited. The discussions also tended to focus on issues that the parties care about but generating little debate and few participants. The presence of information-sharing is high indicating that initiation of public discussion is primarily administrator-driven. Public opinion lagged behind information sharing implying that public discussion is basically affected by the bias in information sharing. Overall, Facebook political party pages have not yet reached the level of interaction that entails a wider audience participating in enlightened discussions.
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    A comparative study on the implementation of social amelioration program under Bayanihan 1 and 2 in Iloilo City and Davao City, Philippines
    Ayag, Edgar Maverick C., II; Basilan, Glyngie Erika S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)
    To address the economic problems posed by the pandemic, the Philippine government institutionalized two Bayanihan laws to issue cash assistance to the affected families through the Social Amelioration Program (SAP). This study outlined the similarities and differences in the SAP implementation under Bayanihan 1 and 2 of Iloilo City and Davao City through a descriptive research design, particularly their beneficiary selection and accountability efforts. The results of this study suggest divergences in the actors involved and their roles in the implementation, the approaches and behaviors of the city mayors, and the numerous changes in the guidelines set by the national government caused such similarities and differences. Inadequate budget forwarded by the national government produced gaps in personnel complement to cover beneficiary selection and accountability efforts, which were filled up by local government resources. The results of the study are consistent with the claim of the Institutionalist Theory of Public Policy that the actors involved in the institutions, as well as their roles and arrangements, dictate the outcomes of policies. In addition, they are also consistent with the claim of the Rational Choice Theory that actors in the policy arena try to maximize their utility to achieve their goals.
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    Porntrepreneur: A phenomenological study on the narratives of women towards pornography as a source of income in San Jose De Buenavista, Antique
    Aquino, Carla Faith M. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)
    Pornography as a business industry in the Philippines persists despite legal restrictions. This research maps the narratives of select Catholic women and gender advocates in San Jose de Buenavista, Antique towards pornography as a phenomenon and as a source of income. Various themes are explored around their views of sex work as work, and their perception towards government policies and gaps in addressing issues on pornography. The study utilized data from two separate Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with eight (8) of women who are members of Lay Organization Movement Association (LOMAS) and Marian Movement Organizations (MaMOs), five (5) gender advocates, three (3) of whom are government workers, and two (2) NGO representatives, and sexual violence-related national legislations. The Moustakas transcendental phenomenology framework was employed and data were analyzed through the lenses of the conservative and feminist theories. Results revealed that women view pornography as exploitative yet bounded by moral dimensions. As an industry, it is easily accessible to the public, a business involving money, profit, and income. Catholic women argue that pornography should be exclusive only for married couples but should be restricted from children, while gender advocates do not want to restrict everything but are concerned about women’s rights. The women articulate that the driving forces leading people to engage themselves in such work are poverty and survival.
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    Water politics: The influence of power politics in accessing domestic water at Hamtic and Sibalom, Antique
    Aller, Emmanuel C.; Macuja, Yra Frances O. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)
    Philippines has a total annual renewable water of 479 billion cubic meters from surface and groundwater sources (ADB. 2013). Despite this seeming abundance, water supply remains scarce and unequally distributed among rural communities. To address this gap, the national government has come up with various funding mechanisms for small domestic water infrastructure projects. This paper describes the different features of the barangay governmentrun water projects in Hamtic and Sibalom, Antique, funded through Congressional Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) from 2003-2013. It examines how formal mechanisms (government funding process) and informal arrangements (clientelism and power politics), influenced the access of barangays to water projects. It also describes how distance from the project site, financial capability, quality of water service, and relationship between households and incumbent politicians influenced people’s water access from the barangay government-run water utility once completed. Interviews among district officer, managers, barangay captains; and survey on 80 and 79 households in the two locales were utilized. Clientelism and power politics was found to have a general effect on how funds for water was allocated and accessed by the barangay from amongst many in the Congressional district. However, such was not prevalent in individual to barangay level of access.
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    The political dynamics behind the renovation of Felix Gorriceta Jr. Avenue connecting Pavia-Mandurriao and its effects on property holders and PUV operators association
    Albaladejo, Christine Kate; Laude, Jennifer (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)
    This study looks into the political dynamics behind the implementation of the policy renovating the Felix Gorriceta Jr. Avenue in Pavia, Iloilo and its effects on two end-users—property holders as represented by Parc Regency, and transportation sector represented by the Leon Jeepney Operators and Drivers’ Association (LEJODA). The interrelationships between various levels of the government in the conceptualization of the infrastructure project is examined. It describes conditions of the area where the road stretches prior to the renovation; identifies the reasons why the policy was pursued; and examines how the policy on renovation affected the end-users. Interviews as well as secondary data were utilized in the study. The initiatives and funding for the project came out of a broader plan to integrate the road to the Iloilo airport from the national government, and subsequently chosen by the provincial government of Iloilo relative to other sites. The local government of Pavia had little role to play in its conceptualization, except for the necessary measures for the full implementation of the said policy. The policy conferred benefits to both end-users.
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    Corporate social responsibility in the energy sector: The role of stakeholders and Korea Electric Power Corporation-Salcon Power Corporation (KSPC) in the Visayas base-load power development project in Brgy. Colon, Naga City, Cebu
    Agero, Nikki Rose L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)
    This research study examines the roles and strategies utilized by the different stakeholders (i.e. Asian Development Bank, DOE, DENR-7, Municipal Government of Naga City, Cebu and Civil Society Organizations) in promoting corporate social responsibility in the Visayas Base-Load Power Development Project owned by KSPC in Brgy. Colon, Naga City, Cebu from 2003 to the present. The paper also identifies and analyzes the interrelationships between the various actors/stakeholders. In the study, the resource relationship employed by ADB, DOE and DENR-7 towards KSPC was of high interdependence. The use of direct usage strategies was employed by stipulating terms and conditions to influence the KSPC’s observance of corporate social responsibility in the coal-fired power plant. The relationship between the Municipality of Naga City, Cebu and KSPC exhibited firm power for the project was approved and endorsed by the national government under a Built-Own-Operate scheme. It is favorable to use indirect usage strategies such as sending letters/complaints to the responsible individuals in order to exert pressures/demands to the company. Between the civil society organizations and KSPC, the resource relationship was marked by firm power and low interdependence. The civil society organizations utilized indirect withholding/usage strategies (i.e. working through linkages) that were capable of controlling resources to obtain the response from KSPC. Resources (i.e. financial and social) and resource relationships affect the interrelationships between the actors of the project towards the observance of corporate social responsibility for these serve as mechanisms for leverage over the company.