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UPV Theses and Dissertations

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Adviser: search.filters.advisor.Hall, Rosalie A.SDG: search.filters.sdg.SDG 16 - Peace, justice and strong institutions

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    Philippine Armed Forces different response towards different communists insurgents in the Island of Panay a comparative study on the 47th Infantry Battalion and 32nd Civil Relations Unit
    Brillantes, Jarrah S.; Tanate, Marianie C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-03)
    Communist insurgency is one of the most long withstanding national security problem in the Philippines. There has been no ebb in the counter insurgency measures of the government since the Marcos regime to the present. However, the changes in the communist organization brought about institutional changes on the military’s part. In the current counterinsurgency operations by the armed forces units, there is now an emphasis on unarmed approaches such as civil-military operations, propaganda, psychological warfare and socio-civic activities, instead of just solely conducting armed approaches. Linkages, coordination and collaboration with the local government units in promoting development became significant elements in counterinsurgency operations. This paper examines the different kinds of approaches undertaken by the 47th Infantry Battalion at Calinog, Iloilo and the Civil Relation Service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (CRSAFP) in Camp Delgado, Iloilo City toward communist insurgents. The 47th IB and the 32nd CRU are currently conducting a triad approach in the counterinsurgency operations. This triad approach includes combat operations, intelligence and socio-civic operations. In delegating the command from commanding officer to the operating units, the chain of command is well observed and followed. In addressing the insurgency problem, the AFP units have high regards toward local government authorities. Education, training and years in service as well as coordination and cooperation with local civil counterparts affect their competence in operations undertaken.
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    The politics of indigeneity: The responses of Brgy. Latazon, Laua-an and Brgy. Igsoro, Bugasong in Antique following their response to indigenous identification
    Bobillo, Ariane Joy S.; Labitan, Jo Ann S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)
    Brgy. Latazon, Laua-an and Brgy. Igsoro, Bugasong in Antique were found to be indigenous communities in 2008 through a Field-based Investigation conducted by the Philippine National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP). These findings were prompted by a proposed Hydro-power project in both localities that cannot be pursued unless the Commission certifies that the areas involved do not come within ancestral domain. As a response to external identification, changes occurred in community dynamics when Brgy. Latazon accepted the indigenous identity, while Brgy. Igsoro resisted. This study explores the differential responses of the two barangays and the changes that followed. Through structured key-informant interviews, findings revealed that the community’s acceptance or resistance to indigenous identification was due to external ascription and their knowledge of the benefits or disadvantages of the power plant project.
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    Issues of multi-actor collaboration in the fisheries sector: Localization of post-Yolanda rehabilitation frameworks in Roxas City, Capiz
    Bisan, Flora May D. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-05)
    As a calamity without peer, typhoon Yolanda can be perceived as an event that brought about a challenging political landscape for Northern Panay communities. The extent of the damage incurred from the typhoon in 2013 stimulated large-scale rehabilitation activities from multiple actors which entailed two things: first is the evolution of the functions of government agencies for the fisheries sector and second is the introduction of non-government actors in the playing field. Local Government Units and civil society organizations are important political institutions because of their direct contact with the community making them the immediate responders during emergencies. However, Yolanda tends to unmake these political institutions as they face challenges with resources and program skills in fulfilling their mandates for rehabilitation. Using available secondary data, key informant interviews and focus group discussion, the study examines how the post — Yolanda Rehabilitation Frameworks are localized by these actors in carrying out their rehabilitation programs to restore the livelihoods of the affected individuals in the fisheries sector in Roxas City, Capiz. The study analyzes localization by examining the changes in the roles of government agencies on the fisheries sector and by looking into the extent of collaboration of multiple actors involved in rehabilitation through an integrated theoretical framework based on the Structural - Functional Theory by Talcott Parsons (1961) and the Levels of Community Linkage Model developed by Teresa Hogue (1993). This study provides a picture on how rehabilitation after Yolanda is presently being carried out by both the government and non-government actors which has critical implications for the recovery of client fishers.
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    #Communitypantry: Perceived impact of online public opinion on government policy amongst college students and local government officials of Iloilo City
    Bernal, Xyrille Joy P.; Socias, Pearl Rylene Mae S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)
    Public opinion, accommodated through public policies, is a precondition to democracy. This study aimed to determine the perceptions of college students and local government officials concerning the impact of public opinion and online activism on Iloilo City’s COVID 19 pandemic responses, specifically on community pantries. It probes how public opinion expressed through the social media trending topic of community pantries shaped local government responses. A descriptive design was employed to determine the perceptions of the college students (n=108) and local government officials (n=3). Hybrid quantitative-qualitative research approach was used thorough survey, interview data and online archives (i.e.., social media postings and news reports). Major findings include: college students perceive moderate effectiveness of public opinion in influencing government policies but depict overall low Twitter outputs; local government officials perceive public opinion as essential in governance but not as important as directives from the national government; and the city's local government officials have reservations about social media-conveyed public opinion’s direct effect on pandemic-related policies. Employing the Normative Framework of Democratic Theory that deals with the foundations of democracy, democratic institutions, and policy deliberation processes, the theory explained how respondents & key informants varied in their perception of social media as a tool for public policies.
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    Doors wide open? The attitudes of 82nd Infantry (Bantay Laya) Batallion straight male army personnel toward gay male army colleagues and civil-military operations stakeholders
    Bautista, Maria Theresa Louise; Mana-ay, Frances Ann (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)
    The Philippine Army is a male dominated bastion with a macho warrior culture. Its traditional functions of security and defense have long emphasized masculinity as an important foundation of the institution. Straight men have most of the power and influence in the organization. In 2009, the Armed Forces of the Philippines Lifted the gay ban, allowing gay men to serve in the military. The admission of gay men has become a sensitive issue and was viewed as a threat for the emasculation of the institution. There is an apprehension that allowing gay men to work in the army will negatively affect group cohesion and performance, thus, impairing its function as a force. There is also the probability that gay men who have become members of the army will be vulnerable to discrimination. Through focus group discussions, this paper compared the attitude of straight male army officers and enlisted personnel in the 82nd Infantry' Battalion toward the gay men they have encountered during civil military operations and toward their gay colleagues in the army. It also looked into the actual behavior of the straight male army members and the degree of stigmatization experienced by the gay men inside the camp. Their work environment (civil-military operations, combat and office work), living conditions, and leisure were evaluated. The straight male army officers’ concept of masculinity was also assessed. The policy responses of the institution after the lift of gay ban were looked into. A key-informant interview with a self-identified gay male army officer was also conducted. This research showed that the Philippine army does not completely accept gay men as part of the institution. In the workplace, gay male members of the army are underestimated and indirectly discriminated in a way that they are not usually sent to combat operations but are mostly assigned to civil-military operations work. This is because of the prevailing stereotype that they are soft and feminine. In the camp’s living conditions, it was found out that some of the straight army members are uncomfortable with the presence of gay men. Superior ranking officers also expressed their sentiment saying that gay male army members may tarnish the reputation of the institution which takes pride in their masculinity. There is also no policy inside the camp that safeguards the welfare of gay men and protects them from discrimination. This goes to show that the Philippine Military is not ready for the lift of gay ban and is yet to set a non discriminatory environment for the admission of gay men in the institution.
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    Comparative study of democratic action in the Facebook accounts of Akbayan, Bayan Muna and Partido ng Mangagawa in the 2010 pre-elections, election and post-election periods
    Baban, Ivy B.; Sia, Christine Marie M. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)
    Facebook as a social networking site offers an arena where users can engage in political discussions. Facebook is also increasingly becoming an important venue for political socialization and for gathering and sharing political knowledge among its users. For political parties in particular, Facebook is a useful tool in forwarding its agenda and generating interest among followers. This paper examined the volume, density and quality of democratic action, categorized into information sharing, public opinion and public discourse, among users of the Facebook accounts of Akbayan, Bayan Muna and Partido ng Manggagawa political parties before, during and after the 2010 elections. The level of information sharing in the Facebook accounts depicted a downward fashion, having only the greatest outlay of data in the pre-election period. Public opinion elicited the least number of participation with the election period as the lone impetus for opiniongiving. Public discussion in Facebook political party pages was present. However, the extent to which these discussions have been forwarded was limited. The discussions also tended to focus on issues that the parties care about but generating little debate and few participants. The presence of information-sharing is high indicating that initiation of public discussion is primarily administrator-driven. Public opinion lagged behind information sharing implying that public discussion is basically affected by the bias in information sharing. Overall, Facebook political party pages have not yet reached the level of interaction that entails a wider audience participating in enlightened discussions.
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    A comparative study on the implementation of social amelioration program under Bayanihan 1 and 2 in Iloilo City and Davao City, Philippines
    Ayag, Edgar Maverick C., II; Basilan, Glyngie Erika S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)
    To address the economic problems posed by the pandemic, the Philippine government institutionalized two Bayanihan laws to issue cash assistance to the affected families through the Social Amelioration Program (SAP). This study outlined the similarities and differences in the SAP implementation under Bayanihan 1 and 2 of Iloilo City and Davao City through a descriptive research design, particularly their beneficiary selection and accountability efforts. The results of this study suggest divergences in the actors involved and their roles in the implementation, the approaches and behaviors of the city mayors, and the numerous changes in the guidelines set by the national government caused such similarities and differences. Inadequate budget forwarded by the national government produced gaps in personnel complement to cover beneficiary selection and accountability efforts, which were filled up by local government resources. The results of the study are consistent with the claim of the Institutionalist Theory of Public Policy that the actors involved in the institutions, as well as their roles and arrangements, dictate the outcomes of policies. In addition, they are also consistent with the claim of the Rational Choice Theory that actors in the policy arena try to maximize their utility to achieve their goals.
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    Water politics: The influence of power politics in accessing domestic water at Hamtic and Sibalom, Antique
    Aller, Emmanuel C.; Macuja, Yra Frances O. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)
    Philippines has a total annual renewable water of 479 billion cubic meters from surface and groundwater sources (ADB. 2013). Despite this seeming abundance, water supply remains scarce and unequally distributed among rural communities. To address this gap, the national government has come up with various funding mechanisms for small domestic water infrastructure projects. This paper describes the different features of the barangay governmentrun water projects in Hamtic and Sibalom, Antique, funded through Congressional Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) from 2003-2013. It examines how formal mechanisms (government funding process) and informal arrangements (clientelism and power politics), influenced the access of barangays to water projects. It also describes how distance from the project site, financial capability, quality of water service, and relationship between households and incumbent politicians influenced people’s water access from the barangay government-run water utility once completed. Interviews among district officer, managers, barangay captains; and survey on 80 and 79 households in the two locales were utilized. Clientelism and power politics was found to have a general effect on how funds for water was allocated and accessed by the barangay from amongst many in the Congressional district. However, such was not prevalent in individual to barangay level of access.
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    The political dynamics behind the renovation of Felix Gorriceta Jr. Avenue connecting Pavia-Mandurriao and its effects on property holders and PUV operators association
    Albaladejo, Christine Kate; Laude, Jennifer (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)
    This study looks into the political dynamics behind the implementation of the policy renovating the Felix Gorriceta Jr. Avenue in Pavia, Iloilo and its effects on two end-users—property holders as represented by Parc Regency, and transportation sector represented by the Leon Jeepney Operators and Drivers’ Association (LEJODA). The interrelationships between various levels of the government in the conceptualization of the infrastructure project is examined. It describes conditions of the area where the road stretches prior to the renovation; identifies the reasons why the policy was pursued; and examines how the policy on renovation affected the end-users. Interviews as well as secondary data were utilized in the study. The initiatives and funding for the project came out of a broader plan to integrate the road to the Iloilo airport from the national government, and subsequently chosen by the provincial government of Iloilo relative to other sites. The local government of Pavia had little role to play in its conceptualization, except for the necessary measures for the full implementation of the said policy. The policy conferred benefits to both end-users.