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UPV Theses and Dissertations

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Adviser: search.filters.advisor.Carnaje, Gideon P.

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    An examination of the role of the local government and non government organizations in the management of the Northwest Panay Peninsula low-elevated forest
    Bayquin, Sheila M.; Solidum, Fervilynn L. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)
    The study tries to examine the role of the Local Government Units (LGUs) and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in the implementation of Philippine forest policy in Northwest Panay Peninsula Low-elevated Forest. The municipal government of Pandan, Antique collaborates with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to introduce community-based forest management. The NGOs on the other hand help in the sourcing of funds for forest conservation projects and of linking local communities with the market. The present study suggests that local government units, NGOs, and other external agents should have more clearly defined rules in forest resource management.
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    An analysis of fiscal decentralization: The case of Cadiz City, Negros Occidental
    Baynosa, Rogelita P.; Toque, Narciso R. (Division ofSocial Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)
    Decentralization has been an issue in the late twentieth century. Developing countries have shifted toward more decentralized forms of government that promises to change their political life in profound ways. The Philippines has decentralized its government through the enactment of the Local Government Code of 1991. This has brought changes to the Philippine governance. The code legislated the creation of local government units such as regions, provinces, cities, and municipalities with which the central government devolved its major power and authority. In this study, an attempt is made to discuss the issues and problems of fiscal decentralization in developing countries, specifically the Philippine experience. A review of the Cadiz City experience substantiates the discussion on decentralization. Taking the case of Cadiz City as a microcosm of the Philippine experience with decentralization as a whole and that of the developing world’s in much broader scale, this study presents an analysis of the realities of fiscal decentralization, which is the core of the devolution program in the Philippines. The data gathered show that although Cadiz City government had been granted the autonomy to manage its own affairs, it remains dependent on grants and allotments from the central government instead of maximizing the fiscal powers being devolved to it, specifically, its revenue-raising power. Moreover, the data on the local government’s allocation of its financial resources during the years 1997-2000 show that it has been efficient in terms of providing basic public goods and services to its constituents but not in terms of empowering the community people to participate in advocacy, decision-making, and other activities of local governance. The data also show that politics played a great role in the implementation of various development programs, projects, and activities.
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    Structural transformation of the labor force and changes in employment conditions: The case of Aklan
    Baco, Hazel Mae B.; Cabello, Mary Ann S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)
    This paper attempts to identify trends in employment conditions and structural changes in the labor force in the province of Aklan. The trends in employment conditions and status of the labor force in Aklan is measured by five major data sets gathered from the National Statistics Office (NSO) and National Statistics Coordinating Board (NSCB). These are unemployment, underemployment and employment by economic sector, by class of workers, by major occupation group, and by major industry group. The results of this study show that Aklan remains largely agricultural and employment conditions were stagnant, but there were signs pointing to the gradual shift of economic activities from agriculture toward manufacturing and services Empirical results are interpreted using theories of structural change. The limitations of the empirical findings owing to problems in the data set as well as the policy implications of the findings are discussed.
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    Fish farming and the fish community: The case of Victorias, Negros Occidental
    Apawan, Maylanie D. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2001-04)
    The rapid expansion of aquaculture in the past decades has brought about some economic benefits, but it has also resulted in various social and environmental problems. This observation points to the need to look at aquaculture development beyond conventional measures emphasizing economic benefits; there is a need to focus on the interplay of social, economic, and environmental factors in looking at aquaculture development. This study looks at the social, economic, and environmental impacts of aquaculture on small fishers in three coastal villages in Victorias, Negros Occidental and examines the responses of small and subsistence fisherfolk to the growth and proliferation of fish farming. The study points out the social and environmental issues usually arise as a consequence of conflicts between fish farmers and small fishers in the use of land and water and also because of the effluent charge and chemical residues coming from fishpond operations. When contextualized within a larger set of social and ecological issues, these conflicts have wider implications, especially when these involve unequal distribution of costs and benefits among different stakeholders.
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    The development of the aquaculture industry in the Philippines: 1970-1998
    Anico, Joecel Jones A.; Caulin, Ray D. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2001-03)
    This paper presents and discusses the development of the aquaculture industry in the Philippines, the government policies, and the different factors that may have contributed to this. The aquaculture sector has been prioritized by the Philippine government from the 70's up to the present, viewing it as an integral component in country’s aim to attain economic development through the industry’s perceived positive impact on the communities where these activities take place. The study, however, found out that a closer look at tins so- called impact reveals that not everybody benefits from it. It was found out that the gains that aquaculture brings to these communities are only enjoyed by a selected few. The study also found out that the goals of increasing food supply and generating employment were not attained, at least in the view of the people living nearby these areas. The goal of generating foreign exchange is fulfilled, however, this only benefits an elite social group. These problems are attributed to the weaknesses of the social, political, and economic structures of the country and the loopholes in the design implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of the policies and programs adopted by the government.