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UPV Theses and Dissertations

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    Antibiotic resistance patterns of selected pathogenic bacteria isolated from water and bottom sediments in the Iloilo tidal inlet (Iloilo River)
    Agustin, Eda Mae S.; Cabrias, Ligaya April May S.; Fuentebella, Elaine Joyce V.; Gestuveo, Rommel J.; Lagon, Raymond Anthonn Kriztee J.; Saldajeno, Cypruz Anne L.; Tunguia, Saer Martin J.; Villanueva, Regene Patricia Natividad V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-03)
    In recent years, antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has become a public health concern. Although little is known of its environmental implications the presence of both potentially pathogenic bacteria and fecal coliform in rivers and other bodies of water raises the question of whether resistance transfer may actually occur in bodies of water. In relation, the Iloilo River for one has experienced changes in both ecological and sanitary conditions. With this threatening problem of both ecological and fecal pollution, the river could harbor microflora that could be of public health concern. Using the Kirby-Bauer Method, this study generally aims to determine the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolates (E. coli, S. typhi and V. cholerae) from water and bottom sediment samples from selected sampling areas in Iloilo River, Iloilo City. Stock cultures of bacterial isolates were obtained from the UPV-National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (UPV-NIMBB) and were subjected to antibiotic resistance analysis using 12 different antibiotic classes. Results showed varying degrees of resistance in all of the sampling sites and species. Most isolates were highly resistant to penicillin and oxacillin and least resistant to ciprofloxacin. Multidrug-resistant isolates were also observed in all of the sampling sites and species. More isolates from bottom sediments were observed to be highly resistant than the isolates from water samples. Pearson correlation revealed that the antibiotic resistance patterns among the different species isolated from the different sources and sampling sites appeared to vary in a systematic manner indicative of a similar mechanism of antibiotic resistance development.
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    Risk factors and prevalence of dental caries among students at Tubungan Central Elementary School, Iloilo, Philippines
    Abalajon, Karl Vincent P.; Caoyonan, Liza Marie D.; Fernandez, Natasha Andrea; Gequinana, Apple Joy F.; Lava, Lara Cristy S.; Millado, Justine Bennette H.; Rivera, Tess Corgette A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)
    Pulpitis has been the leading cause of morbidity among adults in Tubungan, Iloilo for the past three years. Pulpitis may develop from untreated dental caries as this make the deeper layer of the teeth more susceptible to bacterial colonization. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of and the risk factors associated with dental caries among school age children in Tubungan Central Elementary School. This study will further investigate the possible causes of the high in prevalence of dental caries, and eventually introduce means of decreasing its morbidity in the municipality. One hundred nineteen students from Grades one to six were included in the study. The dental caries status was determined using the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index. The dental caries status was determined using the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index. The nutritional status was assessed using Weight for Age (WFA), Height for Age (HFA), and Weight for Height (WFH) as parameters as parameters. The Oral Hygiene practices, socio-economic status and food intake of the respondents were determined intake of the respondents were determined through an interview schedule. The prevalence of dental caries was 75.6%, with a mean DMFT of 2.97. Grade 2 students had the highest prevalence (95%) and DMFT index (5.9) among the grade levels. The DMFT index of each grade level was found to be significantly different (p=0.000). There was no statistical significance between the DMFT indices between males and females, although the mean DMFT of females was higher than males. There is no significant association between the Socio-Economic status of the family and DMFT index of the respondents. Only food rich in cereals and starches had significant association with the DMFT index. It is recommended that the government should intensify the campaigns on Oral health alongside other forms of health education and dietary and nutrition advice.
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    SULONG BACAN
    Abalajon, Karl Vincent P.; Caoyonan, Liza Marie D.; Fernandez, Natasha Andrea; Gequinana, Apple Joy F.; Millado, Justine Bennette H.; Rivera, Tess Corgette A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)
    Public Health is defined as the common attainment of the highest level of physical, mental, and social well-being and longevity consistent with available knowledge and resources at a given time and place. Also, it is the art of applying science in the context of politics so as to reduce inequalities in health while ensuring the best health for the greatest number. There are two distinct characteristics of Public Health. First, it deals with preventive rather than curative aspects of health, and second, it deals with population-level, rather than individual-level health issues. The focus of public health intervention is to prevent, rather than treat, a disease, through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behaviors. Hand washing, vaccination programs, and the distribution of medicines are examples of public health measures. The United Nations’ World Health Organization defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Public health has seven categories:
    1. Activities conducted on a community basis
    2. Activities designed for prevention of illness, disability, or premature death
    3. Activities related to comprehensive health care
    4. Activities concerned with collection, preservation, analysis, and use of vital records
    5. Public health education
    6. Comprehensive health planning and evaluation
    7. Research
    Because of limited resources and experience, the group will be focusing on the first category. The term Community health refers to the health status of a defined group of people, or community, and the actions and conditions that protect and improve the health of the community. Those individuals who make up a community live in a somewhat localized area under the same general regulations, norms, values, and organizations. For example, the health status of the people living in a particular town and the actions taken to protect and improve the health of these residents would constitute Community health. In the past, most individuals could be identified with a community in either a geographical or an organizational sense. Today, however, with expanding global economies, rapid transportation, and instant communication, communities alone no longer have the resources to control or look after all the needs of their residents or constituents. Thus, the term Population health emerged. Population health differs from community health only in the scope of people it might address. People who are not organized or have no identity as a group or locality may constitute a population, but not necessarily a community. A population can be a segment of a community, a category of people in several communities of a region, or workers in various industries. The health status of these populations and the actions and conditions needed to protect and improve the health of a population constitute population health. The actions and conditions that protect and improve community or population health can be organized into three areas: health promotion, health protection, and health services. This breakdown emphasizes the collaborative efforts of various public and private sectors in relation to community health. Health promotion may be defined as any combination of educational and social efforts designed to help people take greater control of and improve their health. Health protection and health services differ from health promotion in the nature or timing ofthe actions taken. Health protection and services include the implementing of laws, rules, or policies approved in a community as a result of health promotion or legislation. The Municipality of Tubungan is located in Region VI, in the 1st congressional district of the Province of Iloilo. A 4th-class municipality composed of 48 barangays, Tubungan is located roughly 40 kilometers away from Iloilo City. Tubungan has a land area of 8,518 hectares, found a hundred feet above sea level. The municipality’s topography is dominated mostly by gentle rolling hills and idyllic mountains. The slope gradient ranges to as high as of 25 percent in most areas, giving it an almost mountainous terrain.