College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences (CFOS)
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Item The Philippine indigenous outrigger boat: Scaling up, performance and safetyAguilar, Glenn D. (Marine Technology Society, 2006)The traditional indigenous double outrigger crafts, called banca boats, of the philipppines vary in size from the very small 4 meter single crew paddle boats to large 50 meter fishing vessels and passenger ferry boats. Regardless of size, the same construction techniques are used by native boat builders with wood as the main building material. Many hull forms, particularly economically important fishing boats, have been scaled up, resulting in problems related to the availability of wood for construction, safety at sea, and, performance, Model, experiments on craft performance show the hydrodynamic characteristics of the double outrigger form and describe characteristics important for design, construction, and operation of the crafts. The presence of outriggers has a definite effect on the heave, pitch, and roll motion of the craft as compared to the hull without an outrigger. Data analyses of maritime incident reports show a high percentage of capsizing by these motorized banca boats, highlighting the need for some regulation of their design and construction. Other concerns related to fisheries as being the main area of use of these boats are further discussed.Item Understanding biosecurity: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of seaweed farmers in the PhilippinesMateo, Jonalyn P.; Campbell, Iona; Cottier-Cook, Elizabeth J.; Luhan, Maria Rovilla J.; Ferriols, Victor Marco Emmanuel N.; Hurtado, Anicia Q. (Springer, 2021)Farmers are one of the most important components of any plant-based cultivation industry. The Philippines is one of the world’s major producers of red carrageenophyte algae and has tens of thousands of farmers involved in this industry. The production of algae such as Kappaphycus and Eucheuma increased significantly from the early 1970s, when the industry was established, before declining from the mid-2000s, due to a number of reasons, including disease and epiphyte outbreaks. The introduction of biosecurity measures has been one approach used to tackle this decline. Biosecurity-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the seaweed farmers were assessed in the four highest seaweed producing regions in the Philippines: (1) Tawi-Tawi, (2) Palawan, (3) Zamboanga and (4) Bohol. Analyses showed that seaweed farmers from Tawi-Tawi had relatively higher KAP mean scores than the other three sites. Palawan and Bohol farmers, however, scored lower on their knowledge, higher on their attitude and highest on their practices compared with the other areas. Farmers from Zamboanga scored the lowest in both their attitude and practice mean scores, although their knowledge score was one of the highest. This is the first KAP assessment applied to the seaweed farming industry globally and the results, in which the farmers’ biosecurity-related knowledge and practices, which scored “Fair” (50–75%) across all the regions, and their attitudes, which scored predominantly “Good” (> 75%) suggest that there is potential to raise the score for biosecurity practices. This assessment highlights how biosecurity challenges are currently addressed by seaweed farmers in the Philippines and suggests how the KAP survey could be used as a tool by policymakers and scientists to address gaps in biosecurity management practices.Item Microbiological Quality and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Slipper Oyster (Crassostrea iredalei) Cultured in Major Growing Areas in Capiz Province, Western Visayas, Philippines: Compliance with International Shellfish Safety and Sanitation StandardsPakingking, Rolando; Hualde, Lilibeth; Peralta, Ernestina; Faisan, Joseph; Usero, Roselyn (International Association for Food Protection, 2022)The increasing demand for slipper oyster (Crassostrea iredalei) has propelled farmers to expand oyster cultivation areas in the Philippines, chiefly for local consumption and feasibly for export overseas. As filter feeders, oysters can accumulate pathogens from the surrounding waters, and these pathogens can cause foodborne diseases in consumers. Therefore, oyster farming areas must be monitored for microbiological quality and heavy metal concentrations. In the present study, the microbiological quality of oysters and their growing waters in the major oyster farming areas of the Cogon and Palina Rivers and Cabugao Bay (in Roxas City and the Municipality of Ivisan, respectively, Capiz Province, Western Visayas, Philippines) were examined monthly during the wet (May to October) and dry (November to April) seasons over 12 months. Regardless of the sampling period, high levels of fecal coliforms in the water and Escherichia coli in oysters were found, clearly illustrating that these oyster growing areas would meet only the class B standard under the European Union classification system and would be considered “prohibited” for growing oysters under the U.S. classification system. Although Salmonella was occasionally detected in oysters, Vibrio cholerae was not detected and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was within acceptable limits. The heavy metal concentrations in oyster meat were also determined during the wet (July) and dry (March) seasons. Zinc and copper were the most abundant metals detected, and concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury, and chromium were below the regulatory limits set by the European Union and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. These oyster culture areas should be rehabilitated immediately to improve the microbiological quality of the oysters. Oysters harvested from these sites must be depurated or relayed to ensure quality and safety. Copyright ©, International Association for Food ProtectionItem Protein identification and potential bioactive peptides from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seedsLin, Chu-Ti; Tejano, Lhumen A.; Panjaitan, Fenny Crista A.; Permata, Vinny Nabila Surya; Sevi, Tesalonika; Chang, Yu-Wei (Wiley, 2024)Pumpkin is an economically important crop all over the world. Approximately, 18%–21% of pumpkins, consisting of peels and seeds by-products, are wasted during processing. In addition, the seeds are rich in protein and have the potency of bioactive peptide production. This study aims to recognize the proteins and investigate the potential bioactive peptides from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds. Pumpkin seeds were subjected to hot air drying (HAD) at 55°C for 12 h and freeze-drying (FD) at −80°C for 54 h before they were powdered, analyzed, and precipitated by isoelectric point to obtain pumpkin seed protein isolates (PSPI). PSPI comprised 11S globulin subunit beta, 2S seed storage albumin, and chaperonin CPN60-1. To generate hydrolysate peptides, PSPI was hydrolyzed using papain, pepsin, and bromelain. FD group pepsin hydrolysates had the highest peptide content of 420.83 mg/g. ACE inhibition and DPP-IV inhibition activity were analyzed for each enzymatic hydrolysate. The pepsin hydrolyzed sample exhibited the highest ACE inhibition of 70.26%, and the papain hydrolyzed sample exhibited the highest DPP-IV inhibition of 30.51%. The simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) conducted by pepsin and pancreatin increased ACE inhibitory activity from 76.93% to 78.34%, and DPP-IV inhibited activity increased from 58.62% to 77.13%. Pepsin and papain hydrolysates were fractionated using ultrafiltration to measure ACE and DPP-IV inhibition activity. The highest free radical scavenging abilities were exhibited by the <1 kDa hydrolysate fractions with 78.34% ACE inhibitory activities and 79.55% DPP-IV inhibitory activities. This research revealed that pumpkin seeds had the potency to produce bioactive peptides.Item Effects of Vinegars and Sodium Acetate on the Growth Performance of Pacific White Shrimp, Penaeus vannameiJamis, Jhumar O.; Tumbokon, Barry Leonard M.; Caigoy, Jant Cres C.; Bunda, Marj Gem B.; Serrano, Augusto E. (Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 2018)Vinegars and their salts have the potential to act as growth promoters and prophylactics against bacterial pathogens. This study aims to evaluate the effects of various vinegars and sodium acetate on the growth performance of white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Groups of shrimps were fed diets containing 2% of either apple cider vinegar (ACV), coconut sap vinegar (CSV), sugar cane vinegar (CaV), or sodium acetate, and a diet with no vinegar (i.e. a control diet). Total acidity data of the diet showed that only the sodium acetate diet resulted in the highest total acidity after 60 min immersion in salt water (20 ppt). Attractability tests using customized repartitioned aquaria showed that the CSV diet attracted the highest significant percentage of shrimps after 10 min of feed placement in the feeding chamber. In the feeding trial that lasted for 60 days, results showed that the ACV and CSV groups of shrimps consumed significantly more feed than the other groups. All vinegar groups exhibited significantly higher final average body weight, weight gain, and specific growth, rate than either the control or sodium acetate group. The CSV group exhibited the significantly best feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio. Survival was statistically similar among all groups. Conclusion: the CSV group exhibited the significantly best growth performance and efficiency while both the control and sodium acetate groups exhibited the poorest. © 2018, Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh. All rights reserved.Item Coral reefs and small pelagic fisheries: Livelihood and governance interactions in Southern Luzon, PhilippinesNovilla, Carmela Therese T.; Fabinyi, Michael (Springer, 2025-04-02)Coral reef fisheries and small pelagic fisheries make different contributions to livelihoods, food and nutrition security, which have informed academic and policy debate about their respective needs for governance. However, few studies have explicitly examined how governance of these different fisheries interacts at a local level, or how they interact with wider social-economic contexts and processes. This study examines a small pelagic fishery in the Philippines, focusing on the varied interactions between this fishery and coral reefs. Drawing on household surveys, focus group discussions and interviews, we demonstrate the significant economic and social contributions made by the small pelagic fishery and describe a series of governance interventions aimed at protecting coral reefs and regulating small pelagics. We highlight some of the emerging governance risks that undermine legitimacy and social acceptance for the management of both small pelagic and coral reef resources. We argue that planning for successful management of fisheries needs to be highly cognizant of the complexity of livelihoods, to equity issues in sharing the benefits and burdens of conservation, and to tourism-fishery interactions.