Undergraduate Research Project
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/29
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Item Awareness and practices of the military in upholding the human rights of political prisonersCalawod, Zeeba Grace B.; Estaris, Rubie Rizza F. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)This research study is on the awareness and practices of the military in upholding the human rights of political prisoners. The main objective of the study is to determine the military’s and political prisoners’ awareness of the concept of human rights and how are these rights upheld and reflected in the practices of the military in dealing with political prisoners. The purpose of this study is to correct the common notion of the Filipinos on the violent and abusive culture of the military carried over by the Martial Law era to the present dimension. Descriptive research design was the method used in the analysis of the results. Thirty (30) military men from the 47th Infantry Battalion were selected using the lottery sampling. The second set of respondents, the political prisoners were determined through purposive sampling, all of them detained in jails within the Region Six were individually visited by the proponents of this study. A set of 48-item questionnaire was distributed among the two groups of respondents. As for the political prisoners, an interview was conducted prior to the introduction of questionnaires to extract their own concept of human rights. The group interview with the military was done across ranks. One group was composed of three highest ranking officials assigned in the battalion and the other three were military men with three lowest ranks in the hierarchy. The results revealed that the military possessed a higher awareness on the concept of human rights compared to the political prisoners. The military’s high awareness was brought about by the rigid human rights training programs facilitated by the Armed Forces of the Philippines and other human rights advocate groups, and their significant educational background (a least two years of college education). The political prisoners on the other hand acquired their awareness from the popular education (“Pagtu-on”) they have received before joining the anti-government movement, and also from the human rights advocate groups they have met during their detention. Their limited or low awareness was explained by their lack of formal education (most of them were not able to finish elementary education). The military’s high awareness was reflected on the manner they deal with insurgents especially during their counter-insurgency operations. Most of the Human Rights violations experienced by the political prisoners happened during the detention phase of their imprisonment (i.e. unsanitary and overcrowded detention cells, inadequate food, and no free medical assistance) are upshots of insufficient budget from the government since the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology is not on the top priority of the administration. The Philippine Society is confronted with more vital problems that need more attention by the government, problems that are more critical than contemplating on the welfare of what the public would call the outlaws. The researchers recommend that the military officers should instill t their subordinates the importance of the concept of human rights and the LGU should allocate sufficient funds for the maintenance of the detention centers to safeguard the welfare of the political prisoners.Item The political career of Mayor Ludovico C. Cabardo of Leon, IloiloCaimoso, Joemarie C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)This is a study about the political career of Atty. Ludovico C. Cabardo, who served as the Mayor of Leon, Iloilo, from 1960-1963, 1971-1986, 1988-1992.This research aims to: 1.) Determine the reasons and circumstances that made Atty. Cabardo enter politics, 2.) Know the factors that affected his entire career, 3.) Find out the problems and difficulties that he encountered during his terms as a mayor and his strategies on how to handle them, and 4.) Find out his achievements and to evaluate their importance to the people of Leon, Iloilo. The researcher interviewed key informants and other people knowledgeable about this topic. It was found out that Atty. Cabardo had been influenced by other politicians to enter politics aside from the fact that he wanted to serve the people of Leon, Iloilo. Several factors led to his victory in the elections. He had effective political resources, efficient campaign strategies and good reputation. He also came across problems regarding health, education livelihood and insurgency during his political career. His main projects during his administration were roads, bridges, school buildings, health centers and other programs that alleviated the condition of the people in Leon Iloilo.Item Marital satisfaction, level of stress and marital decision making of military spousesCajada, Dylene C.; Larroza, Rochelle Fae L. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-03)The study was conducted to find out the relationship among marital satisfaction and level of stress, as well as the marital decision making of military spouses. Thirty military spouses’ ages 22-65 yeas old with at least 1 child, married for at least 1 year and whose husband were currently deployed or has been deployed at the time of the study participated. Three instruments were utilized namely: Comprehensive Marital Satisfaction Scale by Blum and Mehrabian (1999), Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) by Home and Rahe (1967), and Family Decision Making Scale by Erispe and Mestidio (2007). Results showed that military spouses have high marital satisfaction, high level of stress, and both spouses decide on family decision making. There is a low negative correlation between marital satisfaction and level of stress at -.067 (a=0.05 level of significance) which means that stress does not correspondingly affect the level of marital satisfaction among military spouses.Item Civil society and the promotion of social capital: A case study of Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting (PPCRV) in Igbaras, Iloilo in 1998 and 2003 local electionsCadiao, Juna Mae B.; Itona, Mitzi Grace H. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-03)This study looked into the role of PPCRV as a civil society group in promoting social capital by providing substantive knowledge about importance of electoral exercise to democracy, civic duties, and nurturing social relationships. Among the activities of PPCRV are voter’s education, voter’s assistance and poll watching. Of these activities, most members focused more intensively on voter’s education. The members registered over all high levels of social capital. However, trust in the organization and its rules registered high level of approval compared to trust on other members. Cooperation with members in observing organization rules registered higher levels of approval compared to cooperation among members beyond organization rules. Association based on organization is higher compared to association among members beyond organization. Generally, PPCRV has generated a high level of social capital. This high level of social capital prompts members to work steadfastly even in the presence of transportation, financial and logistics constraints. This study examined social capital by surveying thirty-five (35) PPCRV members in Igbaras.Item Political efficacy and political participation as influenced by the kind of work setting of organizations and socio-economic profile of employees: A case study on employees working in centralize and decentralize work settingsCadelina, Angelita L.; Nakar, Janessa Mae E. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-04)Political efficacy and political participation are considered as essential conditions for democracy to thrive and are signs of political health. Many studies on the democratization processes focus on the dynamics of these two concepts in order to know the factors on which these two are dependent on. This study attempts to look on several factors that affect an individuals’ political efficacy and political participation. Some of the variables of socio-economic profile such as age, gender, civil status, and educational attainment were considered in this study as factors that maybe significant to an individuals’ political efficacy and political participation. Results of previous studies showed that the higher the socio-economic status, the higher is one’s level of political efficacy and political participation. Another factor considered in this study was the work setting of individuals, namely, the centralized or decentralized work environment. Pateman (1970) and colleagues argued that democratized industrial authority structures require workers to develop skills and resources necessary for participation in political life beyond the workplace while centralized organizations socializes employees to passivity and political apathy. With these two different conditions, they claimed that employees within decentralized organizations are more likely to have a higher level of political efficacy and political participation compared to those in centralized work settings. However, results of this study showed that the profile of the respondents does not have any relationship on their level of political efficacy and political participation. Only age and political efficacy are correlated. In addition, the result was not consistent with the argument of Pateman. The result of the study showed that respondent employees from centralized and decentralized organization both have a relatively medium-high level of political efficacy and political participation. This simply shows that despite the autocratic structure of decision-making, there are still some instances present in centralized organizations that could also provide some venues for employees to increase their feeling of personal confidence and efficacy which can consequently influence their level of political efficacy and political participation.Item Koreans in Iloilo City: Their lifestyles, social-psychological and cultural adjustmentCabangal, Joann; Ledesma, Chrisgel (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)This study sought to know the sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, social- psychological, and cultural adjustment of Korean visitors in Iloilo City, who were currently enrolled in Moohan Tutorial Services, Inc. The results showed that Koreans in Iloilo City are generally single with ages ranging from 20 to 30 years old and are dependent on the allowances they receive from their parents or guardians monthly. The study also showed that Koreans in Iloilo City are relatively well adjusted in their life in the Philippines, which is manifested in their improved social interaction with the locals of Iloilo City. At the same time, they are generally well off as reflected on their spending patterns as compared to the Filipinos’ standard of living. They relatively spend more than an average Filipino would spend for food, transportation, clothing and many others for a certain period of time.Item Comparative analysis of the best practices in ecosystem-based watershed planning and management in the Philippines and CanadaCabios, John Paul G.; Untaran, Paul Joseph N. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)The Philippines is one of the many examples of a developing state vulnerable to natural disaster that erodes soil and water quality. With the continuous evolution of watershed management practices and the growing importance of climate change mitigation, there is a need to reassess the structure, function, and policy approach of the different stakeholders. And due to climate change and anthropogenic impacts, the environment especially watershed and agricultural farms in Canada are greatly affected. Because of this, there is a need to create environmental management practices to mitigate and minimize the effects of climate change and human interventions. The objectives of this paper is (1) to provide an analysis of the best watershed management practices in Canada and Philippines, (2) to identify governance structures and inter-governmental coordination, and (3) to determine planning approaches and community and stakeholder engagement. This paper will discuss generic models of governance in environmental policy and the different approaches to water management in both countries. This paper will also compare the differences between the models and approaches used in the two countries. And lastly, this paper will evaluate the use of watershed management practices in Canada and Philippines in order to find out the most compatible and reliable method or approach of watershed management.Item Children of fathers behind bars: Evaluating their perceived social stigma in relation to their levels of self-esteem and social interactionCabarles, Maria L.; Muyco, Rich Girl S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-03)The study aimed to describe the relationship of social stigma experienced or perceived to self-esteem and level of social interaction of children with incarcerated father. Respondents consisted of thirty-two high school student ages 13-17 years old, either currently studying or out of school residing in the rural or urban areas of Iloilo. They were selected using a quota sampling method. Gathering of data was in the form of interview and questionnaire which was answered by the respondents. The study hypothesized that there is a relation between the self-esteem and level of social interaction, there is a relation between self-esteem and social stigma experienced or perceived by the children and there is a relation between the level of social interaction and social stigma experienced or perceived of the children with incarcerated father. Spearman-Rank Correlation (Rs) was used to analyze data. The results showed that only the self-esteem and the level of social interaction of children with incarcerated father has a relationship.Item The Margarico family: Political elite of Janiuay, Iloilo, PhilippinesCabarles, Helen A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)This is a descriptive study of the Margarico as a political elite in Janiuay, Iloilo. The study was conducted using interview guide questions for key informants and archival research in gathering pertinent data. The research aims to (1) to identify the reasons that propels the Margarico family to seek political power in the municipal politics of Janiuay, Iloilo; and, (2) to identify the factors that enable the Magaricos to capture political power. The study found out that societal responsibility and public service are their prime reasons in seeking for political power in the municipal politics and that the socio-economic background of the political family is not the prime factor in their access to political positions. There are other factors that can account like good public reputation and good tract of records as public servant.Item Transitions in orientalist representation: The case of the Municipality of Iloilo in American newspapers (1898-1935)Apoyan, Donna Belle; Bautista, Beulah Sophiah (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2024-06)This study examines the transitions in Orientalist representation of the Municipality of Iloilo in American newspapers from 1898 to 1935. It argues that there was a shift in the perception of Iloilo, where initially Ilonggos were portrayed as primitive and in need of American intervention for civilizing purposes. Romanticized narratives depicted Iloilo as a tropical paradise, ignoring poverty and social issues, while exoticization and cultural appropriation dehumanized the local population. As American modernization efforts took hold, the focus shifted towards economic development and urban sophistication, reflecting changing colonial discourse. However, the underlying power dynamics and issues of exploitation remained. The study highlights the complexities of colonial interactions and emphasizes the need for critical engagement with historical narratives, as representations evolved but did not address the deeper issues of inequality and exploitation.