Undergraduate Research Project

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Economic valuation of seagrasses in Nueva Valencia, Guimaras: A contingent valuation study
Bundal, Kristine Shiela Mae B.; Taperla, Roald Ray B. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)
This study assessed the willingness of the residents of Guimbal, Iloilo, to pay for the conservation of seagrasses in Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. The study was conducted to find solutions to the problem of growing seagrass decline in the area. The lack of necessary policies or programs and conservation financing, that would protect and improve the integrity of the resource are putting a lot of pressure not only on the associate resources, but also on the livelihood of the people who are dependent on the resource. The contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to elicit people’s willingness-to-pay to contribute to a conservation trust fund for the protection and improvement of the state of the estimated 20- hectare area of seagrasses in Barangay Tando. It has been under serious threats of rapid decline ever since the occurrence of the 2006 M/T Solar-1 oil spill, which also affected the area. The study found out that 89.32% of the respondents would be willing to pay to support the conservation of the seagrass ecosystem. The study also found out that the primary motivation behind the willingness-to-pay of the respondents was their concern for the benefit of future generations. In addition, based on the people’s WTP, an estimated amount of PHP 900,917.64 could be raised annually to fund or support the conservation of the seagrasses and its associate resources in Barangay Tando. Given this potential source of revenue, the residents preferred a payment collection scheme through additional taxes on property or utility bills like electricity bill. Furthermore, this study reveals pertinent socioeconomic and conservation financing implications that need to be considered in managing seagrass resources.
Effects of commercial fishing operation on the municipality fisherfolks of Miag-ao, Iloilo
Bianet, Hector C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-04)
This is a study about the effects of commercial fishing operation on the municipal fisherfolks of Miagao, Iloilo, which focuses particularly on the social and economic aspects. This is a descriptive study which aims to describe the fishing technology, the social and economic characteristics, then determine the socio-economic efifects of commercial fishing operation on the municipal fisherfolks of Miagao, Iloilo. Interview of key respondents and archival research were conducted to obtain data and related information about the topic. The results of the study show that in the social aspect, operation of commercial fishing has no siginificant effect on the municipal fishefolks. In the economic aspect , however, the operation of commercial fishing has brought about a tremendous effects on the municipal fisherfolks’ catch. A reduce in the quantity and quality, in particular.
The institutional performance of the Roxas City Local Government Unit in Diwal conservation based on the localization mechanisms of Philippine Agenda 21
Bernas, Mary Mayzee D.; Diocena, Ma. Brenda May H. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-03)
The study sought to describe the institutional performance of the Roxas City Local Unit in Diwal conservation based on the localization mechanisms of Philippine Agenda 21. Specifically, it aimed to determine the following: (1) Roxas City LGU’s employment of the localization mechanism of Philippine Agenda 21 in Diwal conservation; (2) results of the performance of the Roxas City LGU in the actual conservation of Diwal; and (3) constituency evaluation regarding the Diwal conservation policy. The objectives were met through archival research and survey research with the protagonists like the Mayor, Vice Mayor, Sangguniang Panlungsod members, DA employees, and City Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Council members, and with the residents of Barangay.Punta Cogon Roxas City as respondents. It is found out that the protagonists generally have a positive attitude regarding the Diwal conservation efforts attributable to the nature of their jobs, to the immediate benefits that the Diwal project provides, to the status of Roxas City as the Seafood Capital of the Philippines, and to what Kaase and Newton refer to as lifestyle/new politics. Statistical and information facilities employed are found to be sufficient. At present, eight local legislations that have been formulated and implemented by the SP and CFARMC members are found to manifest the sustainable development of the Diwal. Moreover, there is an existing structure of multi-stakeholdership of the public authorities, DA employees, CFARMC members, and the Roxas City Diwal divers, which is consistent with the basic principle of collective choices and responsibility towards the realization of sustainable development goals as espoused in PA 21. The operationalization strategies employed in Diwal conservation were found and an ample amount of money has already been spent for the Diwal conservation efforts. Furthermore, it was also found out that there is a significant increase in the number of programs and trainings conducted from the year 2004 to 2005, manifesting a growing concern for the Diwal project. Development reports have been documented but were not communicated to larger institutions. Data shows that there is a remarkable revival in the Diwal industry. Constituency evaluation also shows that they are generally satisfied. The research findings showed that the Roxas City Local Government is effective in its substantial localization of the PA 21 concept of sustainable development applied in Diwal conservation. It was able to revive the Diwal stock, and was able to elicit positive reactions from its constituents. Thus comparative advantage, more legislations regarding the areas of tourism, export, quality of Diwal industry, and uphold the rights and welfare of the basic sectors which are the Diwal divers. In addition, strengthening of the basic sectors enhancing their leverage capabilities should also be pursued.
Economic profitability of shrimp (Acets spp.) processing in Barangay Atabayan, Tigbauan, Iloilo
Belleza, Rey M.; Saloria, Jet R. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-04)
In general, this study aims to determine the economic profitability of shrimp processing in Barangay Atabayan. Specifically, the study describes the sociodemographic profile of the processors and the costs incurred in processing. It also identifies the problems encountered by the processors, and describes the production and pre-sale practices of the business. This study uses the census method in data gathering. All the eleven processors served as respondents. An interview translated into Kinaray-a was used to gather information from processors. The respondents were classified according to the method of processing they used: (1) fermentation, that produces guinamos and (2) drying, that produces kalkag. Seven of the processors were male and 4 were female; their average age was 54.45 years. They have been into shrimp processing at an average of 25.91 years. They do not rely on shrimp processing alone. Some of them engaged in farming, fishmeal selling, fishing and part-time driving. The processors had positive operating profit per-kg-of-produce per production day. In general, the processors had a positive financial profit per-kg-of-produce but the processor engaged in drying only incurred a negative financial profit. Fermentation had a positive pure economic profit per-kg-of-produce while drying had a negative pure economic profit. For drying to be profitable, costs of variable inputs must be considered. Results showed that it is more profitable to venture in both drying and fermentation because of a higher pure economic profit compared with venturing in fermentation or drying only. Weather, uncertainty of payments of some wholesalers, entry of illegal fisher folk from neighboring towns and the outlawing of sungkit, a gear used in catching the shrimps, were the problems faced by the shrimp processors.
Socio-economic analysis of municipal fishing in selected barangays of Banate, Iloilo
Bayani, Marie Joy G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)
The main objectives of the study were to determine the social and economic characteristics of municipal fishermen, costs structure, profitability level, and problems encountered by municipal fishermen in Banate Iloilo. The study made used of cost and return analysis to determine the economic condition of the respondents. This study covered the municipal fishermen of selected barangays of Banate, Iloilo. The study was dependent on the data given by the respondents and not all data maybe reliable. The assumption that changes in effort and adjustment in fishing stocks were taken into consideration. The findings of the study showed that 93.75 % of the fisherman respondents were dependent on fishing for their livelihood. All the fishermen except the hook and line operators could not be considered as absolute poor as their income compared to the poverty threshold. The cost and return analysis of the study showed that fish corral operators incurred the lowest opportunity cost, which amounted to PHP 31.47, while crab pots registered the highest opportunity cost of PHP 48.39. Set gillnet incurred the highest variable cost of PHP 80.62 per trip. Crab pot incurred the highest fixed cost, which amounted to PHP 56 0 per trip. In profit, crab pot incurred the highest gross profit with PHP 380.58, and hook and line registered the lowest gross profit of PHP 1.30 per trip. As expected, the crab pot incurred the highest net profit of PHP 276. 19 per trip. Moreover, in all profitability indices, crab pot, push net, and set the gillnet posted positive receipts. Fish corral and hook and line incurred negative profitability indices. The variations in the results can be attributed to the difference in gears used by the respondents, average trip per week, average hour per trip, percentage of motorized and non-motorized boats, and the average volume of catch per trip. The most common problem faced by the respondents was the presence of illegal fishing in their area. In line with the goals to increase the productivity and welfare of the small-scale fishermen in Banate, the government should give support and assistance in order to upgrade the living conditions of the municipal fishermen.
Costs and returns analysis of municipal hook and line fisheries in selected coastal barangays of Hamtic, Antique
Baldevia, Joan R. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-03)
This paper aims to determine the social and economic conditions of municipal hook and line fishermen; the cost structure of the hook and line fishing method; the profitability level of the municipal hook and line fishermen; the sharing system employed in the municipal hook and line fishery; and to identify the problems of the municipal hook and line fishermen. The study utilized the cost and return analysis. The limitation of this kind of analysis is the assumption that changes in effort and adjustment in fish stocks are taking place simultaneously. The percentage and average analysis failed to take full consideration of the time element of the study since it was based at a "one-shot" interview. The locale of the study are the selected coastal barangays of Hamtic, Antique namely Brgy. Caridad, Mapatag and Asluman. Any conclusions in this study is only applicable to the area concerned by this fishing gear and does not apply to other fishing grounds. Findings of the study showed that the average income of the municipal household was PhP 4168 which was below the average monthly income in Region VI which was PhP 5339.8. They can not be considered absolutely poor however because their average monthly income was still higher to the regional poverty threshold which was PhP 8197/year. Food was the biggest cost outlay of the municipal household which accounted for 68% of the total household expenses. In terms of cost structure, variable cost accounted for 84% of the total cost per trip. This showed that in every fishing trip, the fishermen needs to have enough money to cover its operating expenses. The small percentage of the total fixed cost relative to the total cost shows the level of mobility of the fishing unit to move to another gear type or even to another market of the fishing industry. Labor cost accounted for 48% to total cost per trip which showed how labor intensive is the hook and line fishing method. The opportunity cost, on the other hand, accounted for 13% of the total cost per trip. Almost all indices of profitability posted a negative values. This negative economic profit indicate a definite evidence of economic overfishing. It also indicate that the fishermen should seriously rethink their position in the fishing industry. The differences in findings of the study among the three sample barangays can be attributed to three important variables. First, is the average hour/trip and the average trip/per week. Since this is a per trip analysis, this had an implication on all variables. Secondly, is the number of motorized boats per barangay. Motorized boats have a higher depreciation cost, opportunity cost of owned capital and running cost. Third, would be the number of boats with crewmen/operators per barangay. This reflect the percentage of the respondents with a sharing system and this would entail a higher labor cost and consequently to total cost per barangay. The sharing system was flexible as evidenced by the different sharing arrangement between Brgy. Mapatag which had a 50-50 sharing arrangement compared to Brgy. Asluman and Caridad which was 60-40. The primary problem of the municipal fishermen was the presence of big fishing vessels like the baby purse seiner. Other problems mentioned were the illegal fishing operations like trawling which operate during the night, lack of capital for repair and maintenance and bad weather conditions. The improvement of the socioeconomic conditions of the fishermen should call for a general improvement of the environment in which they operate. The recommendations of the study asserts that the government should develop additional employment opportunities outside the fishery sector. Fishing effort should be controlled by regulation of entry in terms of number of boats or gears employed because of economic overfishing. Large scale fishing like the baby purse seiner should be regulated and trawling be effectively prohibited to increase the resource base of the small-scale fishery. A clear boundary line should then be put up to avoid encroachment of the big fishing vessels to the municipal waters.
An assessment of the fishery ordinances of the different coastal municipalities in the Province of Iloilo, 1992-1998
Almero, Flora B.; Gerona, Ma. Leda G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-12)
This research project is an assessment of the fishery ordinances of the different coastal municipalities in the Province of Iloilo. The study covers the fourteen (14) coastal municipalities of the Province namely; the Municipality of Anilao, Banate, Barotac Nuevo, Barotac Viejo, Batad, Carles, Concepcion, Dumangas, Estancia, Miag- ao, Oton, San Dionisio, San Joaquin and Tigbauan. The primary data were taken from the various municipal fishery ordinances of the different coastal municipalities under study, and the national fishery policies (RA 7160, PD 704, RA 8550). The researchers also employed field interviews with selected fisherfolk leaders as a source of first hand information concerning the recent situation of the fishery industry in their respective municipalities. It was found that: (1) the fishery industry in the Province of Iloilo is facing problems on overexploitation, overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction; (2) the primary concern of the over-all policy mosaic for the fishery industry is the rehabilitation and protection of the coastal environment, the limitation of access to fishery resources comes as the secondary concern, while the protection of the rights of municipal fisherfolk appears in a very limited number of promulgations only; (3) generally the provisions in the over-all policy mosaic is consistent and complimentary, both vis-a-vis the national fishery policies and within their respective municipal fishery ordinances where the provisions belongs. Assessing the municipal fishery ordinances of the different coastal municipalities in the Province of Iloilo, it was found that the goal of the over-all policy mosaic is the promotion of sustainable development for the fishery industry so as to achieve food security in terms of fish.
A critical review of UPV-based Coastal Resource Management (CRM) studies
Agris, Charmaine Joy F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-08)
This undergraduate research project is a critical review of UPV-Based Coastal Resource Management (CRM) studies from four significantly diversesources covering a total of fifty two (52) CRM studies.This research aims to identify and to critically analyze the collection of undergraduate projects of Political Science and Economics students of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas, select articles from Danyag: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences articles, unpublished studies deposited in the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Extension (OVCRE) and the December 2006 Culture and Resource Management issue of Palayag of the Center for West Visayan Studies. The studies were distributed into different categories and subcategories to ensure that they are divided into mutually exclusive and independent groups and so as to avoid overlapping of data. Employing the system of categorization, this critical review analyzes the range of themes and topics tackled in the studies and is intended to determine the development of research methodology, theoretical and conceptual framework, and findings of the studies included in all the categories. The four major categories are: (a) Studies on Decentralized Management, (b) Studies on Natural Resource Governance, (c) Social Dynamics in Coastal Resource Management, and (d) Human Dimensions in Coastal Resource Management. The extensive listings of coastal resource management studies revealed that country’s CRM practices are rooted on participation, collaboration and is geared towards sustainability. A holistic coastal resource management practice should be modeled on the synthesis drawnfrom the knowledge, skills and past experiences from both governmental and local efforts to the management of coastal resources.
Cost analysis of coral gardening in Bato Bukay MPA, Guimbal, Iloilo
Acob, Philina Riva L.; Rojas, Jan Katherine C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)
This study analyzes the costs of coral gardening in Bato Bukay MPA in Guimbal. Iloilo. Cognizant of the degradation of their coastal areas and fisheries, the community of Bgy Nalundan, where the marine protected area is located, sought to find solution through marine conservation and coral gardening. Being the habitat and breeding grounds of fishes, coral reefs are one of the most important natural resources that people must protect. Hence, several projects were implemented to propagate the establishment of Marine Protected Areas such as the deployment of artificial reefs and coral gardening activities. Costs of coral gardening in the site were estimated using key informant interviews with individuals who were involved with or who were knowledgeable on the establishment and maintenance of the project, and from secondary sources, thereby enabling the computation of the total costs. A survey of randomly selected participants that included Contingent Valuation Method was conducted in barangays Nalundan, Calampitao and Cabubugan, to determine the socio-economic profile and estimate the local community support through their willingness-to-pay and willingness to support in kind. Proportional sampling formula, adjusted to small population was used to determine the number of these participants across the barangays. The total cost for coral gardening on its first year was estimated as Php 336.684 combining all the fixed, variable and opportunity costs incurred. Out of the total costs, 40% amounted as fixed costs, while 33% were variable costs, and 27% constituted opportunity costs. More people were willing to pay in-kind by volunteering than to pay in monetary terms for the project’s fund for sustainability.
Species composition, abundance, and distribution of sea anemone in the intertidal zones of Taklong Island and vicinity, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras
Arisola, Danielle Vanessa E. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-04)
Sea anemones are large solitary polyps that inhabit marine environments. They are the ocean dwelling members of Class Anthozoa under Phylum Cnidaria. These carnivorous animals are common along sea shores, in bays and estuaries but are never found in fresh waters. Sea anemones form a symbiotic relationship with many other marine animals which include anemonefishes and anemoneshrimps. Due to the very little information known about sea anemones in the Philippines, this study was conducted, which specifically focuses on the species composition, abundance, and distribution of sea anemones along the intertidal zones of Taklong Island and vicinity, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. A total census was done along the intertidal areas around Taklong Island which includes five specific areas namely, Salangan (UP channel), Likuan (area from Salangan going to Takpan-lapad), Takpan-lapad, Kalaparan, and Talisay Cove; and Piagao Cove of Tandog Island. Five out of the 10 host species of sea anemone are found along the intertidal zones of Taklong Island and vicinity: Entacmea quadricolor and Macrodactyla doreensis which belong to the family Actiniidae; Heteractis crispa and Stichodactyla gigantea which belong to the family Stichodactylidae and Cryptodendrum adhaesivum which belongs to the family Thalassianthidae. Heteractis crispa was the most dominant species, comprising 77% of the total sea anemone population, followed by Stichodactyla gigantea with 11%, then by Entacmea quadricolor and Cryptodendrum adhaesivum with 5%. Macrodactyla doreensis was the rarest species comprising only 1.3% of the total population. All 5 species of sea anemones were host anemones that harbored a variety of marine organisms namely anemoneshrimps, clownfishes (Amphiprion clarkii, A. frenatus, A. perideraion, A. ocellaris, and Premnas biaculeatus) and an anemonefish Dascyllus trimaculatus. Some of these anemone-fish relationships are specific, such as the relationship of Amphiprion frenatus to Entacmea quadricolor. The different species of sea anemones varied in their locations, some species are located only in sandy substrates, some only in coralline substrates and some in both. Distribution of each species along the 6 areas included in the intertidal zones of Taklong Island and vicinity also varied. Species such as Cryptodendrum adhaesivum and Macrodactyla doreensis were found only in Talisay Cove while the other species were distributed along the 6 areas. Piagao Cove contained only Heteractis crispa and Talisay Cove contained all 5 species.

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