Undergraduate Research Project
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/29
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Item The impact of government interventions during COVID-19 pandemic on agriculture: the case of supply chain resiliency of organic farming in Iloilo ProvinceCamisora, James B.; Garino, Winston L. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2024-07)The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in global food systems and prompted a focus on resilient supply chains. Organic agriculture, with its emphasis on local production and sustainable practices, offers an alternative model that might be less susceptible to disruptions. However, the pandemic also presented unique challenges for organic farmers and their supply chains. This study investigated the impact of government interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic on the resilience of the organic agriculture supply chain in Iloilo Province. The research employed an exploratory research design and utilized qualitative methods for data collection and analysis. It mapped out policies related to organic agriculture and its supply chain through data from interview with smallholder farmers and personnels from Department of Agriculture Regional Office 6 and various Municipal Agriculture Offices. The findings revealed that the Department of Agriculture (DA) and local governments provide support programs for smallholder organic farmers. The DA Regional Office focuses on broader regional program implementation, while local governments provide more direct support based on local needs. Farmer organizations play a crucial role in linking farmers to government support programs and in providing a marketing network for smallholder farmers. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of the existing organic vegetable supply chain, but both government and farmers adapted their interventions and strategies. After the pandemic, the government shifted its support towards PGS certification and local governments took a larger role in providing marketing support and promotion.Item Prospects for peace among the fraternities in the University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Miag-ao CampusCalimoso, Lyndon F. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-03)Peace is not just the absence of war but it also has to be the presence of harmony between the elements. Aside from the fact that there have been isolated cases of inter-fraternity trouble, there does not exist any system that promotes peaceful coexistence to hinder any future conflict. Unknown to many, the experiences of nations is a comprehensive basis that could be an effective perspective in understanding the dynamics of Inter-Fraternity Relations and in formulating objective resolutions to the problems. The study was directed by three Objectives. First, it sought to identify the areas and factors that have, or have the potential to, cause tension in the relations of the fraternities. Secondly, the study sought to identify the factors that have, or have the potential to, promote peace in the relations of the fraternities. Third and last, the study looked into the question of what International Relations (I.R.) concepts may be applied to the interactions of the fraternities to lessen or prevent tension. Two Research Instruments were used in the collection of data. Key Informant Interviews (KII) and the Survey Questionnaires. In line with the research sub-problems, the results of the data-collection may be categorized into three main groupings. First, as with regards to the causes of tension in inter-fraternity relations, is that factors in the individual/pcrsonal level, factors in the level of the individual fraternities, and factors in the dynamics of the entire fraternity community all have the tendency to be sources of tension in inter-fraternity relations. Secondly, as for the factors that lessen or prevent tension in inter fraternity relations, data of the research shows that interactions of the members of the different fraternities in the dormitories or in other organizations and the role of the School Administration are the most prominent factors that lessen or prevent tension in inter-fraternity relations. As for the Causes of conflict, the analysis of the results show that there are still many aspects in Inter-Fraternity Relations that need to be carefully assessed and addressed. As for the Factors that Promote Peace, an analysis of the results from both methods show that the respondents believed that factors that involve greater interaction among the fraternities and the role of the School Administration were significant factors that will promote peace. Lastly, the analysis of the perception of the respondents on the use of IR concepts showed that an overwhelming majority of the respondents believed that maintaining positive relationship is an essential component of a harmonious fraternity community; that the Idealist practices of addressing the root of the problem before escalation and concept of Inter-fraternity council could lessen or prevent tension in Inter-Fraternity Relations; and that the Realist practices of the alliances between fraternities and deterrence will not be helpful in promoting peace but, rather, will only be sources of tension among the fraternities. In light of the results of this study, the following actions or policy Recommendations are suggested. First is that the School Administration should be firm with the implementation of University regulations with regards to Inter-Fraternity conflicts. Second, concerned Offices should initiate policies to promote interaction among fraternities. Third, fraternities themselves should enhance positive diplomatic relations. Fourth, there should be firm leadership within the fraternities so as to direct it to its true objective. Lastly, a legitimate Inter-Fraternity organization should be established. As for the recommendations for further study, one is that (the results should be verified by a study with a greater number of respondents and, secondly, records of the University and the Miag-ao Police Precinct regarding Inter-Fraternity conflicts should be studied.Item Awareness and practices of the military in upholding the human rights of political prisonersCalawod, Zeeba Grace B.; Estaris, Rubie Rizza F. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)This research study is on the awareness and practices of the military in upholding the human rights of political prisoners. The main objective of the study is to determine the military’s and political prisoners’ awareness of the concept of human rights and how are these rights upheld and reflected in the practices of the military in dealing with political prisoners. The purpose of this study is to correct the common notion of the Filipinos on the violent and abusive culture of the military carried over by the Martial Law era to the present dimension. Descriptive research design was the method used in the analysis of the results. Thirty (30) military men from the 47th Infantry Battalion were selected using the lottery sampling. The second set of respondents, the political prisoners were determined through purposive sampling, all of them detained in jails within the Region Six were individually visited by the proponents of this study. A set of 48-item questionnaire was distributed among the two groups of respondents. As for the political prisoners, an interview was conducted prior to the introduction of questionnaires to extract their own concept of human rights. The group interview with the military was done across ranks. One group was composed of three highest ranking officials assigned in the battalion and the other three were military men with three lowest ranks in the hierarchy. The results revealed that the military possessed a higher awareness on the concept of human rights compared to the political prisoners. The military’s high awareness was brought about by the rigid human rights training programs facilitated by the Armed Forces of the Philippines and other human rights advocate groups, and their significant educational background (a least two years of college education). The political prisoners on the other hand acquired their awareness from the popular education (“Pagtu-on”) they have received before joining the anti-government movement, and also from the human rights advocate groups they have met during their detention. Their limited or low awareness was explained by their lack of formal education (most of them were not able to finish elementary education). The military’s high awareness was reflected on the manner they deal with insurgents especially during their counter-insurgency operations. Most of the Human Rights violations experienced by the political prisoners happened during the detention phase of their imprisonment (i.e. unsanitary and overcrowded detention cells, inadequate food, and no free medical assistance) are upshots of insufficient budget from the government since the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology is not on the top priority of the administration. The Philippine Society is confronted with more vital problems that need more attention by the government, problems that are more critical than contemplating on the welfare of what the public would call the outlaws. The researchers recommend that the military officers should instill t their subordinates the importance of the concept of human rights and the LGU should allocate sufficient funds for the maintenance of the detention centers to safeguard the welfare of the political prisoners.Item Political efficacy and political participation as influenced by the kind of work setting of organizations and socio-economic profile of employees: A case study on employees working in centralize and decentralize work settingsCadelina, Angelita L.; Nakar, Janessa Mae E. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-04)Political efficacy and political participation are considered as essential conditions for democracy to thrive and are signs of political health. Many studies on the democratization processes focus on the dynamics of these two concepts in order to know the factors on which these two are dependent on. This study attempts to look on several factors that affect an individuals’ political efficacy and political participation. Some of the variables of socio-economic profile such as age, gender, civil status, and educational attainment were considered in this study as factors that maybe significant to an individuals’ political efficacy and political participation. Results of previous studies showed that the higher the socio-economic status, the higher is one’s level of political efficacy and political participation. Another factor considered in this study was the work setting of individuals, namely, the centralized or decentralized work environment. Pateman (1970) and colleagues argued that democratized industrial authority structures require workers to develop skills and resources necessary for participation in political life beyond the workplace while centralized organizations socializes employees to passivity and political apathy. With these two different conditions, they claimed that employees within decentralized organizations are more likely to have a higher level of political efficacy and political participation compared to those in centralized work settings. However, results of this study showed that the profile of the respondents does not have any relationship on their level of political efficacy and political participation. Only age and political efficacy are correlated. In addition, the result was not consistent with the argument of Pateman. The result of the study showed that respondent employees from centralized and decentralized organization both have a relatively medium-high level of political efficacy and political participation. This simply shows that despite the autocratic structure of decision-making, there are still some instances present in centralized organizations that could also provide some venues for employees to increase their feeling of personal confidence and efficacy which can consequently influence their level of political efficacy and political participation.Item Comparative analysis of the best practices in ecosystem-based watershed planning and management in the Philippines and CanadaCabios, John Paul G.; Untaran, Paul Joseph N. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)The Philippines is one of the many examples of a developing state vulnerable to natural disaster that erodes soil and water quality. With the continuous evolution of watershed management practices and the growing importance of climate change mitigation, there is a need to reassess the structure, function, and policy approach of the different stakeholders. And due to climate change and anthropogenic impacts, the environment especially watershed and agricultural farms in Canada are greatly affected. Because of this, there is a need to create environmental management practices to mitigate and minimize the effects of climate change and human interventions. The objectives of this paper is (1) to provide an analysis of the best watershed management practices in Canada and Philippines, (2) to identify governance structures and inter-governmental coordination, and (3) to determine planning approaches and community and stakeholder engagement. This paper will discuss generic models of governance in environmental policy and the different approaches to water management in both countries. This paper will also compare the differences between the models and approaches used in the two countries. And lastly, this paper will evaluate the use of watershed management practices in Canada and Philippines in order to find out the most compatible and reliable method or approach of watershed management.Item A case study on the coastal resource co-management of Concepcion, IloiloCaballero, Noemi G.; Overio, Sheryl R. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)The research study is entitled A CASE STUDY ON COASTAL RESOURCE COMANAGEMENT IN CONCEPCION, ILOILO. The study answers the following objectives, first, to determine the contextual attributes of the municipality in terms of: a biophysical, b) market c) socio-cultural d) institutional and organizational attributes. Second, to assess the institutional and organizational arrangement of state and non-state actors which include Department of Agriculture, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the non-governmental organizations, and their relationship with one another in coastal resource co-management in Concepcion. Iloilo. Third, is to determine the type of coastal co-management arrangement that exist in the municipality. The conceptual framework of the study was adopted from the International Council for Living and Aquatic Resource Management (ICLARM). Specifically, the researchers focused on the organizational and institutional arrangement among state and non-state actors in co-management arrangements. A determination was also made on the type of comanagement arrangement existing in the municipality. In the conduct of the study, the researchers conducted interviews with key informants and prepared questionnaires for the fisherfolk-respondents. The respondents are the following: a) Department of Environment and Natural Resources, b) Department of Agriculture, c) Local Government Officials (Legislative and Executive), d) Northern Iloilo Alliance for Coastal Development (NIACDEV), e) Tambaliza Small-Scale Fishermen's Association (TASFA). f) Nipa Small- Scale Fishermen's Association (NISFA). The results of the study showed that a consultative type of co-management arrangement exists in Concepcion based on a frequency count of answers to questionnaires, interviews conducted by the researchers, and an analysis of legal policies.Item The Margarico family: Political elite of Janiuay, Iloilo, PhilippinesCabarles, Helen A. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)This is a descriptive study of the Margarico as a political elite in Janiuay, Iloilo. The study was conducted using interview guide questions for key informants and archival research in gathering pertinent data. The research aims to (1) to identify the reasons that propels the Margarico family to seek political power in the municipal politics of Janiuay, Iloilo; and, (2) to identify the factors that enable the Magaricos to capture political power. The study found out that societal responsibility and public service are their prime reasons in seeking for political power in the municipal politics and that the socio-economic background of the political family is not the prime factor in their access to political positions. There are other factors that can account like good public reputation and good tract of records as public servant.Item The politics of indigeneity: The responses of Brgy. Latazon, Laua-an and Brgy. Igsoro, Bugasong in Antique following their response to indigenous identificationBobillo, Ariane Joy S.; Labitan, Jo Ann S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)Brgy. Latazon, Laua-an and Brgy. Igsoro, Bugasong in Antique were found to be indigenous communities in 2008 through a Field-based Investigation conducted by the Philippine National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP). These findings were prompted by a proposed Hydro-power project in both localities that cannot be pursued unless the Commission certifies that the areas involved do not come within ancestral domain. As a response to external identification, changes occurred in community dynamics when Brgy. Latazon accepted the indigenous identity, while Brgy. Igsoro resisted. This study explores the differential responses of the two barangays and the changes that followed. Through structured key-informant interviews, findings revealed that the community’s acceptance or resistance to indigenous identification was due to external ascription and their knowledge of the benefits or disadvantages of the power plant project.Item #Communitypantry: Perceived impact of online public opinion on government policy amongst college students and local government officials of Iloilo CityBernal, Xyrille Joy P.; Socias, Pearl Rylene Mae S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2022-06)Public opinion, accommodated through public policies, is a precondition to democracy. This study aimed to determine the perceptions of college students and local government officials concerning the impact of public opinion and online activism on Iloilo City’s COVID 19 pandemic responses, specifically on community pantries. It probes how public opinion expressed through the social media trending topic of community pantries shaped local government responses. A descriptive design was employed to determine the perceptions of the college students (n=108) and local government officials (n=3). Hybrid quantitative-qualitative research approach was used thorough survey, interview data and online archives (i.e.., social media postings and news reports). Major findings include: college students perceive moderate effectiveness of public opinion in influencing government policies but depict overall low Twitter outputs; local government officials perceive public opinion as essential in governance but not as important as directives from the national government; and the city's local government officials have reservations about social media-conveyed public opinion’s direct effect on pandemic-related policies. Employing the Normative Framework of Democratic Theory that deals with the foundations of democracy, democratic institutions, and policy deliberation processes, the theory explained how respondents & key informants varied in their perception of social media as a tool for public policies.Item Navigating the redevelopment dilemma: The impact of Iloilo City central and super market rehabilitation project on ambulant vendors from rural areasBermil, Dannah Veronica M.; Magbanua, Gwyne Winnah B. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2024-06)This study examines the marginalization of ambulant vendors in Iloilo City's Super and Central markets during ongoing public-private partnership (PPP)-driven market rehabilitation projects. It explores factors influencing vendors' experiences and perceptions, focusing on the impact of PPP projects and the city government's response to their needs and participation in consultations. Employing a cross-sectional and exploratory approach, it used data from interviews from ambulant vendors and key informants and utilized purposive sampling and thematic analysis. Findings point to challenges encountered during redevelopment, such as sales decline and exclusion from decision-making processes. Ambulant vendors respond by diversifying products, yet they confront negative perceptions and insufficient support. Recommendations include advocating for fair operating conditions and city government assistance to ensure sustainable livelihoods. Drawing upon Urban Politics Theory and Resource Dependency Theory, the study underscores systematic marginalization and emphasizes the necessity of inclusive decision-making mechanisms to empower ambulant vendors within urban governance structures. Recognizing their agency and advocating for their rights can catalyze equitable urban development, benefiting all stakeholders. This research offers valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of urban development and the marginalized role of ambulant vendors, urging policymakers to prioritize their inclusion in future planning initiatives.
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