Undergraduate Research Project
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/29
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Item Urbanization and other factors affecting crime: An empirical analysis for the Philippines (1980-2012)Cabangal, Jaifreed; Año, Joselito Z., Jr. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)The world regards crime as a function dependent on the performance of law enforcement. International statistics focuses on the quality and quantity of law enforcement to prevent or lessen crime. Earlier studies on the economics of crime also focus on prevention of recidivism through the use of penalties and sentences. Recently, studies on identifying the relationship of macroeconomic data and crime are becoming popular. In the Pliilippines, academics and public officials acknowledge the effect of macroeconomic factors such as urbanization, poverty, inflation, national income, and unemployment to criminal activities in the country. This study focuses on the identification of the aforementioned factors that have significant long run relationship with crime. Moreover, the study also took into account police visibility as a factor to be tested because it is stated in one of the older studies regarding the economics of crime. Statistically, macroeconomic data are difficult to regress directly because of its nonstationarity. In lieu of this problem, Johansen cointegration is used for the analysis for it specializes on variables that are nonstationary at level form but stationary at first level. Most of the data are taken from the national body governing the statistics of the country and World Bank. There are two models that are tested. The first model is the cointegration of crime as the exogenous variable with urban population growth, inflation, unemployment, and national income to represent urbanization in the Philippines. The second model took into account crime, inflation, secondary and tertiary education enrollment rate, police visibility, national income, and unemployment as a consolidated model to represent the opportunity cost in engaging in criminal activities. The results shown that in the first model, all variables of urbanization have long run relationship with crime except for national income. On the other hand, the second model’s result showed that all variables that represent opportunity cost have long run relationship with crime except national income and tertiary education enrollment.Item Economics of different alternative livelihood projects in Southern Municipalities of IloiloBesana, Nikkei M.; Cang, Marianne S. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-03)Poverty incidence in the Philippines is continuously increasing. In line with this the government seeks for opportunities for poverty alleviation. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in cooperation with the University of the Philippines in the Visayas (UPV) offered different alternative livelihood projects in southern municipalities of Iloilo namely: Tigbauan (shrimp paste making), Miag-ao (salt making) and San Joaquin (fish sauce making). The study described the socio- demographic profiles of the beneficiaries of the projects along with the problems encountered during and after the project implementation. The production processes were also described along with the costs of production. Revenues and profit were derived based on the existing price of the product in the market. Private cost was identified from first up to fourth liquidations. Profit was calculated in every livelihood project and accounted to 728.34 Php for shrimp paste making in Tigbauan, 2,205.54 for salt making Php in Miagao and 1,570 Php for fish sauce making in San Joaquin per individual. Payback period derived was 1.07 that means the initial investment will be recovered in no less than a year. Return on investment was 0.93, which implies that for every peso invested, 1.14 Php returns to the investmentItem Analysis of credit card demand of UPV Faculty membersBene, Ivanhoe C. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1998-03)This research is an economic analysis of the demand for credit cards of UPV faculty members. Specifically, the research was undertaken to: describe the social and economic characteristics of existing and potential credit cardholders; estimate the credit card demand of UPV faculty and determine the significant factors affecting the demand. Logistic regression was utilized since the research is composed of a binary dependent variable which is the willingness to acquire a credit card. Results of the study revealed that 40 percent of the sampled UPV faculty members were instructors who belong to age bracket 21-28 years old. In general, the average age of a UPV faculty was 38 years old with average annual personal gross income of PhP230,000. On the other hand, 18 percent of the respondents were willing to acquire a credit card while 19 percent were credit cardholders. Deferred payment was the most common feature being used by existing cardholders while traveling was the most frequent activity in which credit card was commonly used. On the average, an existing cardholder used his/her card twice a month with an average of PhP3,530 amount of credit availed during the month and paid an average monthly finance charge of 3.25 percent. SAS output showed that; merchant acceptability, convenience and income were the significant factors affecting the demand.Item Comparative rural income distribution analysis for Brgy. Punong, Passi City and Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan, 1997Balane, Walter I.; Montemor, Ma. Reina G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 1999-03)This study was conducted in Brgy. Punong, Passi City and Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan. There were twenty four (24) respondents from Brgy. Punong, Passi City and fourty one (41) from Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan. The analytical tools include the Income Decile, Gini-Coefficient and the Lorenz Curve. It was found out that income earners belonging to deciles in Brgy. Punong, Passi City earn only 24.55% of the total annual household income earned for Brgy. Punong. While the upper deciles (6-10) earn 75.45% of the said income. On the other hand, the income earners belonging to deciles 1-5 in Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan earns 29.93% of the total annual household income earned for Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan. While the upper deciles earn 70.07% of the said income. It was observed that the income earners in the 10th decile earns 1,200% more than the income earners in the first decile in Brgy. Punong, Passi City. On the other hand, the income earners in the 10th decile earns 506% greater than the income earners in the 1st decile income earners in Region VI and Philippines earns 2.2% and 1.7% respectively. In Brgy. Punong, Passi City and Tubod, Binagawan they earn 2.3% and 4.5% of the total annual household income. The bigger percentage share the income earned by 1st decile income earners in Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan is indicative of the barangays' greater advantage vis-a-vis income distribution equality compared to that of Brgy. Punong, Passi City. It was found out that Passi City is Iloilo's highest income earner municipality. The income distribution in Brgy. Punong Grande, Passi City does not however show that high municipality income assures income equality distribution. The Gini-Coefficient ratios further justifies the indirect relationship of high municipal income earned and and income distribution equality. The Gini-ratio of Brgy. Punong, Passi City is 0.3694 while that of Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan is 0.3313. Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan's estimate indicates a greater income distribution equality compared to that of Brgy. Punong, Passi City. Consequently, in the plotting of the Lorenz Curve, the curve for Brgy. Punong, Passi City is farther form the line of perfect equality compared to the one of Brgy. Tubod, Bingawan. The Gini-ratios of the Philippines and Western Visayas in 1997 were 0.4960 and 0.4414 respectively, which are relatively higher than the estimates of the two barangays. This is believed to be caused by sectoral homogeneity, which propose the concept that in areas where there is lack of mobility in the primary source of income, households heads are given less choice to move to another sector. Since both barangays are categorized as rural, although they differ in their extent of dependence to agriculture, the populace were deprived of the choices prided to those in urban areas. Thus, there is poor variety as to sources of income, household head and therefore income itself. Using the logarithmic transformed multiple regression, the following factors were found to be affecting significantly, the distribution of annual household income in Brgy. Punong, Passi City, the number of nonhousehold member contributors (NHM) and the primary sources of income from proffesional work (PSY-PROF). For Brgy. Tubod,Bingawan, three variables resulted to be significant in affecting household income distribution namely; the number of non-household member contributor (NHM), primary sources of income from contributors (PSY-COMP) and highest educational attainment- college level (EDUC-CD). Based on the results particularly on the decile income differentials and factors affecting income differentials, it is recommended that both national and local government should give focus on economic development and not only on economic growth so that vital problems will be addressed. It is important that the government will focus on its Poverty Eradication Program on the welfare of the smallest of the Philippine barangays. It is due time to initiate and maintain community based development projects and other barangay support system to empower the building blocks of the Philippine society