Undergraduate Research Paper
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/28
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Item Factors affecting fertility choice among married couples in Oton, IloiloAutentico, Sheila M.; Cagalagawan, Aiza Maris G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-03)The study identified the different factors affecting fertility choice of married couples in Oton, Iloilo. There were 100 participants from the three barangays in Oton. Iloilo namely: Trapiche, Poblacion South, and Buray. The dependent variable is measured by the actual number of living children the married couples have. The independent variables were classified into four categories: economic factors, biological factors, psychological factors, and geographical factors. The multivariate analysis revealed that the significant variables found to significantly affect the decision on the number of children by married couples (at 5% level of significance) are gross monthly income of the household, years of formal education of the wife, age of wife at first marriage, ideal number of children by the couple and perception of children to be of help in old age. However, the R-squared value of 30.78 indicates that there are still some factors that were not included in the model. Nevertheless, the significant variables had the expected signs.Item Cost structure and profitability of oyster farming in Panay, CapizBaes, Jese B. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2002-03)The study focused on the economic analysis of oyster farming; particularly productivity, costs and returns, income, and employment aspects as they relate to different farm sites, farm sizes, and methods of culture in Panay, Capiz. A total of 27 oyster farmers were interviewed. Results revealed that the value of production per farm was estimated at P50,855, greatest in Butacal and least in Bantigue. By farm size, it appeared that the small farms were more efficient per unit area. The combination of broadcast, stake and hanging methods yields the highest crop per farm. Oysters harvested from the farm were primarily sold. About 5% were given away to friends, relatives, or paid for services, and family members consumed only 2%. Consisting mostly of boat/raft and plots, farm investment was relatively low in Agojo/Tanza Norte than in other farm sites. Butacal had the largest investment of P49,803 per farm. Investment per unit area was relatively less for the bigger farms. The hanging method required the least investment while the broadcast with stake appeared to be the most costly. Hired labor and food were the major variable inputs, depreciation accounted for fixed cost and opportunity cost primarily included opportunity cost of investment. Total expenses per farm averaged P5,623. By farm size, total costs were lower in larger oyster farms. As the farm size increased, expenses also increased while per unit area decreased with increasing farm size. Oyster farmers using the broadcast with stake method incurred the largest farm expenses. Gross income was estimated at P49,961 per year. A direct relationship between farm size and gross income exists. By method of culture, the combination of broadcast, stake and hanging methods earned the highest gross income. The same relationships as that for gross income were observed in the analysis of the net income. On the average, an oyster farmer received a gross profit of P49,727 and a pure profit of P45,232. Gross and pure profit increased with farm size. The combination of the broadcast, stake and hanging methods earned the highest pure profit of P79,511 Small- sized farms and farms that used the hanging method received negative pure profits. The study recommends that the government should take steps to improve the performance of the farms especially with the low-income farm sites and should seek ways of advancing the socioeconomic condition of oyster farmers. Likewise the municipal governments should properly implement the monitoring of oyster farms to check the socioeconomic conditions, the plans of the oyster farmers, and the obstacles they encountered toward the improvement of their business. Researches directed at enhancing the productivity levels of oyster farming should be given priority. Oyster farming being a part-time activity must be complemented with programs that encourage alternative income sourcesItem Survey of pathogenic bacteria in bottom sediments of Iloilo River: An assessment of water sanitary qualityAraneta, Karla Teresa S.; Bugayong, Adrienne Marrie S.; Cabanilla, Jennifer C.; Caro, Mary Ann Gina C.; Gayatgay, Christian Era U.; Nufuar, Ernest Jan T.; Rufino Krystal Hope S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)This study assessed the water sanitary quality of the Iloilo River by determining the monthly heterotophic plate count (HPC), total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and fecal streptococcus (FS) counts of the bottom sediments in five sampling sites from October 2008 to February 2009. These parameters were then correlated with the physico-chemical parameters that were additionally obtained from the river water. The presence of Salmonella spp, E. coli. Vibrio spp, and fecal Streptococcus were also determined as indicators of the pathogenic bacteria in the bottom sediments of the Iloilo River. Using the FC:FS ratio, the study further distinguished fecal contamination sources from each site as human, animal, or mixed in origin. An assessment of sediment quality was done using DENR standards for TC and Kohl and Albinger's sediment quality criteria for HPC and FC. Sediment samples were taken from the following sampling sites along the Iloilo River: 1) Forbes. 2) Dungon, 3) IBRD, 4) Carpenter's, and 5) So-oc. No significant difference in any of the physico-chemical or microbiological parameters were found among sampling stations. However, analysis and comparison of the microbiological parameters of bottom sediments in terms of months showed significant temporal variability HPC, TC, and FC alternately decrease and increase every month while FS showed a generally increasing trend. The following correlations between the microbiological and physico-chemical parameters were found. 1) temperature with HPC and FS , 2) salinity with FS count, and 3) dissolved oxygen concentration with TC and FC Counts. The mean percentage of bottom sediment samples with Salmonella ranged from 3% to 10% while more than half of samples from all sampling sites showed the presence of Vibrio spp. and S. faecalis. Samples with E.coli from all sites ranged from 3 to 14%. Fecal contamination sources varied across sampling sites. So-oc show ed mostly animal sources as its orgin of fecal contamination, while other sites had either animal, human or mixed sources. S. faecalis and E. coli exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance, a grow ing health concent in many of today's rivers. All isolates were susceptible to Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin but resistant to Penicillin. Based on HPC and FC values the degree of loading with easily decomposable organic substance and feces among the sampling sites ranges from very little to little. TC count of the sediment samples from all the sites does not exceed the limit of 5000 CFU/ 100ml set by the DENR. Results suggest that sediments were not a significant reservoir of bacterial pollution at the time this study was conducted.Item Dengue knowledge, policies, and Aedes Larval population in selected low and high dengue priority areas in Miagao, IloiloAmihan, April Rose D.; Basco, Arriane Mae P.; Escosia, Edmon B.; Monsale, April Joy P.; Solis, Jann Christian V.; Varon, Marianne Joy C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the knowledge, practices, and Aedes larval populations between low and high dengue priority areas of Miagao, Iloilo. Questionnaire-guided interviews were conducted to assess the knowledge and practices of the study population. Larval surveys were done to determine Aedes larval populations, expressed as House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breteau Index (BI). Results showed that respondents from the low priority area were more knowledgeable on dengue than the respondents from the high priority area (p<0.05). Dengue preventive practices were found to be the same for both low and high priority areas. There was, however, no significant relationship between dengue knowledge and dengue preventive measures (p<0.05). Results from (he larval survey revealed that both low and high priority areas have HI and BI above the WHO standards (HI<5%; BI<20) and are considered “high risk” areas. Lastly, age (p<0.01) and educational attainment (p<0.05) were found to affect an individual’s dengue knowledge.Item Willingness-to-pay for the conservation of Mararison Island and its surrounding waters in Culasi, AntiqueAguirre, Angelluz C.; Jauod, Ferly Mae P. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)The island of Mararison in the municipality of Culasi, Antique Province is rich in natural resources and its beautiful scenic view has been attracting tourists. Overtime, the number of tourists has increased, making the island and its surrounding waters vulnerable to degradation. Protection and conservation of the island and its surrounding waters will promote its sustainability. This study was conducted to determine the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of the local residents of the municipality of Culasi for the conservation of Mararison Island and its surrounding waters. The study also described the socio-demographic and economic characteristics, level of awareness, knowledge and attitude towards the conservation and the reasons for the willingness to pay of the residents for the conservation of the island and its surrounding waters. The Contingent Valuation Method was used to determine the study participants’ WTPs. Binary logit regression was conducted to identify the factors affecting the study participants’ WTP. A pilot-tested interview schedule was used to collect data from 300 randomly selected study participants in 10 barangays in the municipality of Culasi in January to April 2016. The results showed that 86 percent of the study participants were willing to pay (with adjustment to certainty) for the conservation program. Without adjustment to the level of certainty, the annual household income, the randomly assigned bid prices, and knowledge index were the variables that affect the willingness-to-pay of the study participants. With adjustment to the level of certainty, the age, educational attainment (elementary and high school), knowledge index and randomly assigned bid prices were the variables that affect the willingness-to-pay of the study participants. The annual mean WTP of the study participants with and without adjustment to the level of certainty were Pl66 and Pl40, respectively. This study can be used by the municipality of Culasi as basis in planning for the conservation program of the Mararison Island and its surrounding waters.Item Road widening: The story of role, place attachment, appraisal, coping, and stressAbogado, Maria Liezl Joy; Caños, Mary Jane (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)This study wanted to determine if social roles, place attachment, appraisal and coping influence the level of stress of those affected by the road widening program using the Transactional Theory of Stress. Respondents (n= 123) were administered various composite measures and key informants were interviewed. Results indicate that those with affirmative place attachment had greater stress levels, as well as when the situation is appraised as threatening. The study lend partial support to predictions of the framework used. Recommendation of the study points to greater efforts from the government in conducting major social impact assessment (SIA) regarding the construction of road projects and providing assistive programs, not only limited to financial compensation but also attends to peoples' wellbeing and lifestyles.Item Effects of mood and self-awareness on an individual's helping behaviorAmponin, Charm Marie G. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-03)This experimental research was conducted among student participants in the University to determine whether the differences in mood together with self-awareness can increase or decrease a person's helping behavior. It was also the aim of the researcher to find out if there are significant main effects on Mood and in Self-awareness towards helping. Participants were induced in a positive, neutral, or negative mood using articles having happy content, neither happy nor sad content, and sad content, respectively. On the other hand, self-awareness was measured using the mirror procedure. A brief mood questionnaire determined the story's effectiveness on the participant's affect. Using the Analysis of Variance and Tukey’s HSD test, with a computed F at .05 level of significance, results indicated that the main effect and interaction effect of mood and self-awareness produced a significant increase, as well as a significant decrease, in the participant’s expended effort to aid the researcher. Positive mood operated with self-awareness in increasing the participant's helping behavior to aid a person, while negative mood operated with self-awareness in decreasing their motivation to help. Having a positive feeling is viewed to be more inclined in giving assistance to those in need than those having bad feelings. More so when it makes a person aware that it feels good to give such aid. This study on mood and self-awareness confirmed that our emotions do affect behavior in helping others. Specifically, these determinants showed that being helpful may vary as a result of how a person feels at the moment and how consciously aware they are of themselves in a given situation.Item Biosorption of Copper (CU) and Lead (PB) by heavy metal-resistant bacterial isolates from Iloilo RiverAmpuan, Naira Mitz W. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences,University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)Many indigenous organisms isolated from sites contaminated with heavy metals have tolerance to heavy metal toxicity and these microbial activities have always been the natural starting point for all biotechnological applications. It is therefore necessary to isolate bacterial strains with novel metabolic capabilities. In this study, a total number of 18 heavy metal-resistant bacteria (10 Pb-resistant and 8 Cu-resistant) were isolated from Iloilo River sediment samples (10° 41.974’N, 122°34.187’ E). Biosorption of Cu and Pb by the bacterial isolates was characterized to evaluate their applicability for heavy metal removal from industrial waters. Selecting the highest resistance to metal toxicity’ and biosorption, 4 isolates were identified by phenotypic characterization. Identification of the top four metal-resistant isolates designates: Vibrio charchariae (83%) for Cu4; Vibrio harveyi (79%) for Cu6; Moraxella equi (100%) for Pb8; and Phoecoenobacter uteri (92%) for Pb9. Evaluation of specific metal biosorption by the isolates after incubation for 48 h suggested that none of the isolates have good potential for bioremoval of metals from contaminated environments.Item Willingness-to-pay for the conservation of Bucari Pine Forest in Leon, IloiloAnaquita, Argena Hera E.; Santos, Jose Maria D. (Division of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-06)The Bucari Pine Forest has provided the municipality of Leon in Iloilo Province with both economic and environmental benefits. However, due to development plans, the Bucari Pine Forest has become vulnerable to degradation. This study estimated the willingness-to-pay of the residents of Leon, Iloilo for the conservation of the Bucari Pine Forest using the Contingent Valuation Method. The study participants were 320 local residents from eight (4 upland, 4 lowland) barangays of Leon, Iloilo. The final data collection was conducted in January 2016 to March 2016. Seventy-five percent of the study participants were willing to pay for the conservation of Bucari Pine Forest. The calculated mean WTP of the study participants with adjustment to the level of certainty was P3 3 5.00 per year or P27.92 per month. The factor that significantly affected the willingness-to-pay of the study participants was the bid price. This means that the higher the bid price, the less likely the study participant was willing to pay for the conservation of the Bucari Pine Forest. The information in this study can be used by local policy makers in drafting conservation policies and provide awareness on the importance of the conservation of the Bucari Pine Forest.Item Antibacterial activity of Aqueous and Methanol extracts of selected Basidiomycetes from UPV, Miagao, Iloilo, PhilippinesAmbubuyog, Marja Victoria U. (Division of Biological Science, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, 2013-03)The Basidiomycetes represent an enormous source for natural products with diverse chemical structures and wide-ranging antimicrobial activity. This study was done to investigate the antibacterial property of selected species of basidiomycetes aqueous and methanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Specifically, it aimed to (1) determine the antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of selected species of basidiomycetes in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the zone of inhibition; (2) determine the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of selected species of basidiomycetes in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the zone of inhibition; and (3) compare the aqueous and methanolic extracts of selected species of basidiomycetes in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the zone of inhibition. A total number of ten species were collected namely Auricularia sp., Schizophyllum sp., Trametes pubescens, Trametes versicolor, Trametes elegans, Ganoderma sp.(l), Ganoderma sp.(2), Stereum sp. and two unknowns. Dried samples were crushed and extracted with water and methanol. Antibacterial activity was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results showed a negative to weak inhibition against the test microorganisms which is inconsistent with the results of previous studies. It could possibly be attributed to the preparation of the samples and the fruiting body maturity that influenced the antibacterial potential of the samples. It appears that fruiting bodies used in the present study may not be reliable sources of bioactive compounds for antibacterial activity.