Undergraduate Special Problem
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Item Analysis of the gut contents of largehead hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Surigao Del SurBarros, Andrea Philine R. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)The traditional gut content analysis is one of the methods used which investigates feeding interactions, specifically those belonging to the aquatic food webs. The ribbonfish, Trichiurus lepturus is an economically important fish, and due to its high demand to other south-east Asian countries especially in the Philippines, there is a targeted fishery for this resource. However, the catch of this species in the country has declined recently. Since feeding habits are fundamental to understanding the ecology of a community, this study aimed to analyze the gut contents of Trichiurus lepturus. A total of 66 guts were examined in the study. The size ranged from 101-505 mm in total length. They fed mostly on fishes including Encrasicholina sp., and shrimps such as Acetes, Penaeus, and Lucifer. Moreover, there was an occurrence of cannibalism but only larger individuals. Microplastics were also evident in most of the size classes.Item Techie nanay: Makabagong nanay para sa ligtas na buhayAzarraga, Alyssa Faye N.; Brazas, Jodelyn M.; Bordon, Jenn Margarette B.; Dofitas, Adrian Bernard A.; Gadong, Joshua Vincent Y.; Matinong, Kathleen Erica D.; Paguidopon, Cyril L.; Tabanar, Bianca Ysobel S.; Tantuan, Liza Beth F.; Temelo, Jason Andrei C.; Ynzon, Samuel P. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Maternal mortality is an alarming problem in the Philippines and is usually caused by non-facility based deliveries (NFBD). In 2013, the DOH reported that the province of Iloilo has the highest maternal mortality rate in Western Visayas, and Maasin is located in this province. Among the 50 barangays of Maasin, Brgy. Abay was chosen due to its high cases of NFBD. This study was conducted to improve the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of women of reproductive age (WRA) towards maternal health and reduce the cases of non-facility based deliveries among pregnant women of Brgy. Abay, Maasin, Iloilo. The KAP of the WRA was improved through a series of lectures in a span of 4 weeks. In order to improve maternal health in Brgy. Abay, the team introduced a smartphone application called iNanay for the use of pregnant women and launched a web server database in the Rural Health Unit (RHU). Both components help in pregnancy monitoring. For the project sustainability, the mothers elected a core team called “KaakABAY”. Smartphones were given to 6 pregnant women in Brgy. Abay and they were taught by the KaakABAY about the features of the application. Since no delivery took place within the six-week immersion, the effectivity of the iNanay app was solely evaluated by tracking the attendance of the pregnant women to their prenatal check-ups that were scheduled within the time of immersion.Item Survival and metamorphosis of the mud crab Scylla tranquebarica larvae fed with Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia naupliiBallescas, Ella Anne M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-03)Despite the growing corpus of research on cultural nationalism, the state's role in producing cultural nationalism in a post-colonial and non-western setting and the phenomena from a bottom-up perspective continues to be little explored. This study examines the conditions under which national political leaders pursued policies to protect the cultural heritage of the country's indigenous cultural communities for the aims of political nationalism. From a top- down perspective, the study looks at the context, intent, content, state's implementation and caveats of the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997. While from the bottom-up perspective, the study looks at how the Bantoanon indigenous community mobilizes and organizes to navigate through state bureaucracy and ‘reappropriate’ the state's nationalism to meet their cultural goals. To examine the phenomena, the study on the textual analysis of existing written primary and secondary sources supplemented with oral interviews of key informants and a review of available literature. It finds that at the national level, political motives partly animated the support of political leaders for indigenous cultural heritage protection policies; that the state used heritage protection policies to pursue its political purposes; and that the support for political leaders for indigenous cultural heritage protection policies was premised on the condition that it did not interfere with the state's interests and diminish the state's rights. While at the Bantoanon indigenous cultural communities level, it finds that despite the caveats embedded in the country's heritage protection policies, the indigenous cultural community could mobilize and assert its rights, thus enabling it to ‘reappropriate’ the state's political institutions to meet its own cultural objectives. This thesis, therefore, argues that the relationship between the two parties under IPRA is mutually beneficial, with both the state and indigenous cultural communities finding some utility in the law.Item Sagip COUGHamilya: Improving prevention, and case management & care seeking in Sitio Durog, Barangay Palaca, MiagaoAsorio, Leslie S.; Clarito, Thea Joy A.; Dolorosa, Rex Victor V.; Marecap, Mitzi N.; Napulan, Andrea Marie N.; Recabar, James Mathew V.; Rodriguez, Sael D.; Velasco, Princess Monic Q. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)According to the 2018 Morbidity Diseases Reports of Miag-ao’s Rural Health Unit (RHU), Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is the main cause of morbidity among the children in the municipality. Upon further review, the community that was found to have the greatest number of ARI cases is that of Barangay Palaca. To contribute with the reduction of ARI cases in the said community, Project Sagip COUGHamilya was implemented in Sitio Durog. This project aims to reduce the number of current ARI cases among children aging 2 months to 11 years old by at least 50% after the 6-week project implementation. In order to accomplish such goal, the team utilized strategic components such as: (1) establishment of a core group called FamiLEADERS, (2) honing the ARI case management knowledge and skills of the barangay health workers (BHWs) through FamiLINANG sessions for BHWs, (3) improving the mothers’ & guardians’ knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards care seeking and case management for ARI through FamiLINANG sessions for mothers, and (4) raising the children’s awareness on cough etiquette, proper handwashing, and other key health practices through LINIStorya sessions. Upon implementation, the project’s outputs include the 80% increase in the ARI case management knowledge and skills of BHWs, 44.47% increase in the KAP of the mothers & guardians towards care seeking and case management for ARI, and 12.5% increase in the children’s awareness towards cough etiquette, proper handwashing, and other key health practices. All these results were statistically found to be significant improvements. In conclusion, the strategies done by the group significantly improved the care seeking, case management, and key health practices for ARI in Sitio Durog, Barangay Palaca. As a result, Projesct Sagip COUGHamilya contributed to the reduction of ARI cases by 80%, far exceeding the goal of the project and deeming it to be very effective and successful.Item Composition of abundance of meiofaunal assemblages found in Banate Bay during NE monsoon and early summerArrivas, Johny Kevin B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-05)The study was conducted in Banate Bay, Philippines to describe the composition and abundance of the meiofaunal assemblage in the area. Field sampling was done during December 2012 and March 2013. A total of 41 taxa were identified, dominated by nematodes followed by harpacticoid copepods. The overall mean density of meiofauna in the shallow waters of Banate bay was 28.8 ind.cm'2. The high meiofaunal density recorded in the present study was due to sediment granulometry, water depth and percent organic matter. Macrofauna: meiofauna ratio was also high due to sparse number of macrofauna observed and the physical disturbances associated with seasonal rainfall. The highest density was recorded in March 2013 and the lowest was recorded in December 2012, albeit no significant difference. The temporal distribution of meiofauna was positively correlated with salinity (R = 0.59). Seasonal rainfall also influenced the meiofaunal abundance by affecting turbidity and salinity as well as causing physical disturbances (e.g., storm). Spatial distribution of meiofauna between the stations was influenced by salinity rather than the sediment granulometry, organic matter and turbidity.Item Project NINK: Ngiping Inaalagaan para sa Nakangiting KinabukasanAraneta, Francine Nicole M.; Bebita, Valerie Anne N.; Endoma, Vivienne F.; Estanda, Marvyn Kerziel A.; Gupeteo, Mary Pauline Kriszl E.; Lebosada, Billy John F.; Magsipoc, Karla Mae B.; Pabello, Kimberly T.; Samoro, Karmela Marie G.; Villaruel, Rigel Kent Q. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)Dental caries, also known as cavities or tooth decay, is one of the most prevalent diseases of people worldwide which can start as early as during childhood affecting the primary teeth of children. It is mostly caused by lifestyle-related factors such as poor oral hygiene, lack of dental services, poor habit in brushing teeth and poverty (Ismail et. al. 2007). Iloilo has a high number of dental problems that affect school-aged children. Toothache from dental caries is one of the major causes of absenteeism in elementary schools (Araojo, 2003). The Project Nink aimed to reduce the incidence of dental caries by 80% among school-aged children of Barangay Buenavista Elementary School, Tubungan, Iloilo. A pre-dental check-up, conducted before project implementation found that out of 134 students examined, 125 had dental caries, translating to 9 out of 10 students. For the team to address the existing neglected problem, objectives were set to aid in the project implementation. A reliable and self-sustaining core group was formed for the maintenance and sustainability of the project. To address the insufficient knowledge of the children and community members regarding oral health, a series of health lectures were conducted. Topics for the lectures included basics of the teeth, how cavities form, other diseases that may arise from dental caries, and the like. Training courses for the teachers, health workers and midwife were also conducted by the researchers. Incentives were given out during the lectures and proper educational materials were provided as well. A tooth-brushing sink was constructed together with the teachers, parents, community members and the children, to aid in changing the tooth brushing habits of the children. Dental kits were distributed per child and also for families to aid the child in practicing proper oral hygiene. The children’s post-test results showed that the knowledge regarding oral health increased by 27.54% from their pre-test which was a statistical significant difference. A statistical significant difference (t(41)= - 8.882, p < 0.0005) was also shown in the post-test and pre-test results of the community members which had an increase of 29%. A post dental check-up was conducted to assess the effect of the project, and it was found that the mean prevalence rate of dental carries in the temporary teeth ot student respondents was successfully decreased by 18.4% from 22.73% to 18.55% (dmf index) since pre-project, and therefore, effectively reduced the incidence rate by 100% with 0 new cases. For the permanent teeth (DMF index), there was a 19.75% decrease in prevalence rate and a 100% reduction in the incidence rate with no new cases identified.Item Gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity and heavy metal concentration profiles of well water of the Calahunan dump site, Mandurriao, Iloilo CityAmarante, Hena Charma; Basquez, Mark Anthony; Brunio, Christian Allan; Dable, Nesel; De la Pena, Pamela-Di; Genterola, Janis; Oredina, Josette Marie; Padayhag, Dave (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)The study aimed to establish presence of radioactivity and concentration of heavy metals specifically lead and chromium in drinking water from wells within one-kilometer radius from the approximated center of the Calahunan dump site. Results showed that four out of twelve wells have positive results fro gross alpha activity and gross beta activity: wells 2A, 2C, 3A, and 3D. Well 2A, 2C and 3D registered alpha activities of 0.54, 0.033 and 0.369 Bq/L respectively while Well 3A registered beta activity of 1.0 Bq/L. Wells 2A and 3D exceeded the radiological limits set by WHO and PNSDW of 0.1 Bq/L for alpha activity and 1.0 Bq/L for beta activity. These wells that are found adjacent to the perimeter fence of the dump site registered alpha activity (wells 2A, 2C and 3D) and beta activity (well 3A). Radiological activities in all other wells sampled registered less than lower limit of detection. For gamma activity, all wells recorded 137- Cs and 134-Cs activity less than the lower limit of detection. For chromium and lead concentration using FAAS, only well 3C has a chromium concentration of 0.0952 ppm and this exceeded the PNSDW standard for chromium in drinking water (0.05 ppm) FAAS has not recorded any value for lead. For chemical constituent analysis using XRF, two wells in zone 1 (LA and IC), have recorded lead concentration of 0.9 and 0.136 ppm, respectively. In zone two, only well 2D registered a lead concentration of 0.248 ppm. In zone 3, well 3C registered a lead concentration of 0.397 ppm. For chromium concentration, only well 2A in zone 2 has a chromium concentration of 1.79 ppm. The spot interview and ocular inspection found out that the following garbage are disposed of indiscriminately tn the dump site: (1) Television picture tubes, (2) Dysfunctional Computer Monitors, (3) Used syringes and needles, (4) Hospital wastes, (5) Automobile batteries and dry cells, (6) scrap iron, tin cans, paint cans, paint cans, etc., (7) polyethylene bottle, glass bottles, and containers of similar types, and (8) other organic and inorganic wastes. Wells whose values for gross alpha, lead, and chromium concentration exceeded the standard are unsuitable for dinking and other domestic uses. The observation that wells (2A and 3D) near the Calahunan dump site registered higher-than-standard alpha activity may be a good basis to conduct further research particularly on the effect of leachate from dump site.Item Utilization of cow manure in microbial fuel cellsAlcanzo, Jan Hilary A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)Resource recycling and the proper treatment of animal waste to reduce its environmental impact are currently important issues for the livestock industry. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) offers the possibility of harvesting electricity from fuel sources that are generally microbially degradable organic matter. The generation of electricity from cow manure in different treatments was investigated. A two-chambered MFC was constructed from accessible and inexpensive materials. Data were recorded and collected every day for 35 days. The MFC with the 20% cow manure with rice stalk yielded the highest power output of 32.028 mW/m³ and the highest current density of 69.022 mA/cm2. The addition of another substrate, and therefore, another fuel source for the bacteria, added to the electricity produced by the cow manure alone. Results of the study show that it is possible to use MFCs to generate electricity from cow manure. Further studies are needed to realize the full potential of cow manure as a fuel source for MFCs as well as to lessen its contribution to the wastes in the environment.Item Banate Bay mangrove reforestation program: Prospective area for community-based property rights (CBPRs)Ungkakay, Farisal B. (Institute of Fisheries Policy and Development Studies, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, 2004-03)The study focuses on the Mangrove Reforestation Program of the Banate Bay Resource Management Council, Inc. (BBRMCI), particularly in the 5 coastal barangays bordering Banate Bay, Iloilo, namely: Tiwi, Palaciauan, Pantalan, Belen and Talokgangan. It describes the processes, issues and prospects encountered by BBRMCI in the implementation of the mangrove reforestation project. Focus group discussion with key informants at the community, as well as interview of BBRMCI staff were done to capture the initiatives and mechanisms involved in the program, organizational arrangements in these areas and the issues the BBRMCI faces in the program implementation. It further explores the feasibility of transferring the management of such initiative to the local communities or communal groups in the area. A set of criteria was used to assess the capacity of existing organizations to assume management responsibilities for the mangrove resources. These are: presence of clearly defined boundaries for the resources, presence of a small user's group with mutual obligations and rules against defectors, an overlap between the location of the common property and organization or community member's residence, degree of dependence of the user group on the resource and support from local decision-makers. Although results show that most of the abovementioned criteria are present in the Barangay Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Councils (BFARMCs), conditions at the community level still, are not conducive for the transfer of management responsibilities to BFARMCs primarily because BFARMCs are considered as government-arms and not independent groups. Second, there is a need to define the level of importance of each of the 5 criteria to achieve the desired success of CBPRs. Other equally important features are therefore recommended, in addition to the criteria used, to increase the chances of success of the Mangrove Reforestation Program of BBRMCI. These are: (1) defining the user group's capacity; (2) system of sanctions and rewards within and outside a user group; and (3) presence of appropriate legal institutions that will allow exclusive use rights over the resources to qualified user groups.Item Assesment on the competencies of barangay health workers in relation to their sociodemographic characteristicsArbado, Pearl Joy C.; Laurente, Inna Grace R.; Loberiza, Lamont Joseph S.; Militar, Anna Raisa G.; Quidato, Jun Pretzel E.; Ong, Meghan Y.; Salada, Anna Patriz F.; Salcedo, Yehonathan Joseph V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)In the Philippines, where the basic political unit is the Barangay, CHWs are known locally as Barangay Health Workers (BHWs), and they play a vital role in the delivery of health services throughout the country. These are people that have undergone training programs under any accredited government and non-government organizations and who render primary health care services in the community after having been accredited to function. Their roles are subdivided as community organizers, health educators, and health care service providers. This study aims to determine the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics to the competence of BHWs in the First Congressional District of Iloilo. A competence assessment tool was then used to perform a guided interview of the midwives to evaluate the performance of 177 BHWs. Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact Test were used to test the relation between variables. Out of the seven municipalities, only Igbaras was lowly competent with an average weighted mean of 3.85. Findings revealed that age (p-value=0.137), educational attainment (p-value=0.302), and length of experience (p-value=0.336)), had no significant relationship with the overall competence of BHWs as well as with the level of competence. Income, however, revealed to be statistically significant given the p-value of 0.020. BHWs with an income of 3000PHP and below is 3.4 (95% CI: 0.097 to 0.874) times more likely to be lowly competent.