Undergraduate Special Problem
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Item The community structure of mangroves in Ivisan, CapizBermoy, Gian Carlo A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)The structure of the mangrove community in Ivisan, Capiz was studied using the transect line plot method with fifteen plots established. This study aims to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Agustin Navarra and Barangay Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz using accepted ecological indicators. Community structure is described in terms of the following parameters: basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, importance value of the species, and the Shannon Index of Diversity. Variations in these parameters are correlated with certain physico-chemical factors such as air and water temperature, soil pH, and water salinity. Little study has been done to document the mangroves in Barangay Agustin Navarra and Barangay Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz. This is the first systematic study done in the area; thus, the present study will provide vital information needed for its proper management. A total of nineteen true mangrove species represented by ten families were identified on Barangay Agustin Navarra and Barangay Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz. The true mangroves consisted of Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinales, Avicennia rumphiana, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera parviflora, Camptostemon philippinensis, Ceriops decandra, Exoecaria agallocha, Nypa fruticans, Osbornia octodonta, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, Xylocarpus granatum and Xylocarpus moluccensis. All the species were present in Station 1 except Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. The species present in Station 2 and in both stations were Avicennia marina, Avicennia rumphiana, Exoecaria agallocha, Osbornia oclodonta, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, and Sonneratia alba. Avicennia marina has the overall highest relative density of 340 trees per hectare, relative frequency of 22%, relative dominance of 266.655%, and importance value of 628.841%. Seedlings and saplings of Avicennia marina dominate the area indicating that the mangrove community is young and regenerating stand. Barangay Agustin Navarra has the highest index of diversity of 0.87 while Barangay Balaring has an index of diversity of 0.47. The overall index of diversity is 0.674.Item Community structure, biomass productivity and carbon stock assessment of mangroves in Barangay Tabon, Batan Bay, AklanBermeo, Ma. Ramela Angela C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)The study aimed to assess the community structure, biomass productivity, and carbon stock assessment of mangroves in Barangay Tabon, Batan Bay, Aklan using the plot method. Specifically, it aimed to: 1. determine selected physical and chemical factors such as water salinity, water pH, soil temperature and characterization of soil substrates, 2. identify true mangrove species present in the area, 3. describe the community structure in terms of Stand Basal Area, Stems per Hectare, Relative Density, Relative Frequency, Relative Dominance, Importance Value, Shannon-Index of Diversity, Zonation Pattern, Seedling and Sapling Density, 4. assess the biomass productivity (both wood biomass, and litter fall), 5. estimate the amount of carbon stored in the mangrove forest (using allometric equation). A total of twenty-one true mangrove species belonging to 12 families were identified. Family Rhizophoraceae was the most represented with five species namely Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, and R. stylosa. The rest were also well represented namely Family Avicenniaceae- Avicennia alba, A. officinalis, A. marina, and A. rumphiana; Family Combretaceae- Lumnitzera littorea and Limnutzera racemosa; Family Sonneratiaceae- Sonneratia alba, and Sonneratia caseolaris; Family Acanthaceae- Acanthus ebracteatus; Family Bombacaceae- Camptostemon philippinensis; Family Euphorbiaceae- Excoecaria agallocha; Family Meliaceae- Xylocarpus moluccensis; Family Myrsinaceae- Aegiceras corniculatum; Family Myrtaceae- Osbornia octodonta; Family Arecaceae- Nypa fruticans; Family Rubiaceae- Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. Basal area ranged from 0.11m2/ha for Ceriops decandra to 68.78m2/ha for Sonneratia alba. Avicennia marina had the highest stems per hectare with 22,600 stems/ha, while Bruguiera cylindrica had the lowest with 100 stems/ha. Avicennia marina occurred in all plots with 137 trees/ha and had the highest relative density of 38.38% and relative frequency of 38.42%. Sonneratia alba had the highest relative dominance of 48.49% while the lowest was Ceriops decandra with 0.08%. Avicennia alba, Bruguiera cylindrica, and Ceriops decandra had the lowest relative densities and frequencies at 0.3%. The most important species was Avicennia marina (107.6) and the least important species was Ceriops decandra (0.68). The area was considered to be diverse at 0.7206. On per transect basis, the highest index of diversity recorded was in Transect 2, while the lowest was in Transect 1. Avicennia and Sonneratia species occured both in the low intertidal zone (seaward) and mid-intertidal zone (transitional zone). Rhizophora, Nypa, Camptostemon, Osbornia, Lumnitzera, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Exoecaria, and Aegiceras were found in the mid-intertidal zone (transitional zone). Xylocarpus, Scyphiphora, and Acanthus occurred in high intertidal zone (landward). Avicennia rumphiana had the highest seedlings density of 1001 seedlings/ha, whereas Rhizophora mucronata had the highest saplings density of 96 saplings/ha. The lowest seedling and sapling density was Rhizophora apiculata (Iseedling/ha) and Camptostemon philippinensis (lsapling/ha) respectively. The species with the highest computed biomass of 1,287.78 tons/ha and carbon stock of 579.5 tons/ha was Sonneratia alba. The lowest was Ceriops decandra with biomass of 0.06 tons/ha and carbon stock of 0.03 tons/ha. A total of 2,080 tons/ha biomass and 936.34 tons/ha carbon stock was determined. Based on the litter fall, Transect 2 has the highest leaf fall weighing 580.4g. Litter weight was highest in January 2013 and lowest in December 2012 in all sampling sites.Item Banate Bay mangrove reforestation program: Prospective area for community-based property rights (CBPRs)Ungkakay, Farisal B. (Institute of Fisheries Policy and Development Studies, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, 2004-03)The study focuses on the Mangrove Reforestation Program of the Banate Bay Resource Management Council, Inc. (BBRMCI), particularly in the 5 coastal barangays bordering Banate Bay, Iloilo, namely: Tiwi, Palaciauan, Pantalan, Belen and Talokgangan. It describes the processes, issues and prospects encountered by BBRMCI in the implementation of the mangrove reforestation project. Focus group discussion with key informants at the community, as well as interview of BBRMCI staff were done to capture the initiatives and mechanisms involved in the program, organizational arrangements in these areas and the issues the BBRMCI faces in the program implementation. It further explores the feasibility of transferring the management of such initiative to the local communities or communal groups in the area. A set of criteria was used to assess the capacity of existing organizations to assume management responsibilities for the mangrove resources. These are: presence of clearly defined boundaries for the resources, presence of a small user's group with mutual obligations and rules against defectors, an overlap between the location of the common property and organization or community member's residence, degree of dependence of the user group on the resource and support from local decision-makers. Although results show that most of the abovementioned criteria are present in the Barangay Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Councils (BFARMCs), conditions at the community level still, are not conducive for the transfer of management responsibilities to BFARMCs primarily because BFARMCs are considered as government-arms and not independent groups. Second, there is a need to define the level of importance of each of the 5 criteria to achieve the desired success of CBPRs. Other equally important features are therefore recommended, in addition to the criteria used, to increase the chances of success of the Mangrove Reforestation Program of BBRMCI. These are: (1) defining the user group's capacity; (2) system of sanctions and rewards within and outside a user group; and (3) presence of appropriate legal institutions that will allow exclusive use rights over the resources to qualified user groups.Item Physiochemical factors affecting mangrove distribution and occurrence in selected sites in the Province of AntiqueAgapin, Antonio, Jr. D. (Division of Biological Sciences, Bachelor of Science in Biology, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)Mangrove forests are unique inter-tidal ecosystems comprised of taxonomically diverse, salt-tolerant tree and other plant species that are primarily found o.i relatively sheltered coastlines, deltas, estuaries, and lagoons in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The objective of this study is to generally determine the physicochemical factors influencing the distribution and occurrence of mangroves in selected sites in the Province of Antique and to specifically measure selected physicochemical factors influencing the distribution and occurrence per species per municipality and correlate selected physicochemical factors like soil and water salinity, soil and water pH, and soil and water temperature influencing the distribution and occurrence per species per municipality using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. There were 224 plots established in 11 municipalities in the province of Antique. Twenty-five plots were established in Anini-y, 44 in Hamtic, 11 in San Jose, 5 in Belison, 18 in Patnongon, 23 in Bugasong, 11 in Barbaza, 9 in Tibiao, 26 in Culasi, 23 in Pandan, and 29 in Semirara. A total of 27 true mangrove species belonging to 12 families were found in the 11 municipalities of Antique. The 12 families are Family Avicenniaceae represented by Avicennia alba , Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinales, and Avicennia rumphiana', Family Combretaceae represented by Lumnitzera racemosa and Lumnitzera littorea; Family Euphorbiaceae represented by Excoecaria agallocha; Family Lythraceae represented by Pemphis acidula; Family Meliaceae represented by Xylocarpus granatum and Xylocarpus moluccensis; Family Myrsinaceae represented by Aegiceras coniculatum and Aegiceras floridum; Family Myrtaceae represented by Osbornia octodonta; Family Arecaeae (Palmae) represented by Nypa fruticans; Family Rhizophoraceae represented by Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera sexangula, Ceriops decandra, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa; Family Rubiaceae represented by Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea; Family Sonneratiaceae presented by Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris, Sonneratia ovata; and Family Sterculiaceae represented by Heritiera littoralis. For Soil pH, the highest value of 8.87 was observed in the municipality of Hamtic and the lowest at 6.32 in the municipality of Semirara. Overall mean soil pH was 7.31. For Water pH, the highest value of 8.96 was observed in the municipality of San Jose, and the lowest value of 6.29 in the municipality of Tibiao. Overall mean water pH was 7.23. For salinity, it ranged from 3.1 ppt (Tibiao) to 27.47 (Semirara) and the overall mean was 13.37 ppt For Water Temperature, the highest value of 29.48 °C was observed in Anini-y & the lowest value of 24.74 °C in the municipality of Semirara with an overall mean of 27.40 °C. For Soil Temperature, the highest value of 30.2 °C was observed in the municipality of Belison & the lowest value of 24.97 °C in the municipality of Semirara with an overall mean of 27.50 °C. Among the species present, Aegiceras floridum showed significant correlation with Soil pH (favor low soil pH), water pH ( favor low water pH), salinity ( favor high salinity), soil temperature (favor high soil temperature) and water temperature (low water temperature), A. rumphiana showed significant correlation with water pH (favor low water pH) and soil temperature ( favor low soil temperature), B. cylindrica showed significant correlation with soil pH ( favor high soil pH), C. decandra showed significant correlation with water pH (favor low water pH) and salinity (favor high salinity), L. littorea showed significant correlation with soil pH (favor high soil pH), water pH (favor high water pH), salinity (favor high salinity), soil temperature (favor high soil temperature) and water temperature (favor high water temperature), O. octodonta showed significant correlation with soil pH (favor high soil pH), water pH (favor low water pH), salinity ( favor low salinity), soil temperature (favor high soil temperature) and water temperature (favor low water temperature), S. caseolaris showed significant correlation with water pH (favor low water pH), salinity (favor low salinity), soil temperature (favor low soil temperature) and water temperature (favor low water temperature) and S. ovata showed significant correlation with soil pH ( low soil pH), salinity (favor low salinity) and water temperature (favor low water temperature). Species like A. corniculatum, A. alba, A. marina, B. sexxangula, E agallocha, H. littoralis, L racemosa, N. fruticans, R apiculata, R mucronata, R stylosa, S. alba, X. granatum and X. moluccencis showed wide tolerance (no correlation) in all physicochemical factors (Soil Salinity, Water pH, Soil pH, Soil Temperature and Water Temperature).