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Undergraduate Special Problem

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/30

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Start date: 2010Keyword: search.filters.keyword.Mangrove

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    Species composition and distribution of mangrove soil fungi from Iloilo River, Iloilo City, Philippines
    Almoros, Peter Paul C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)
    Fungi are very diverse and ubiquitous microorganisms. Fungal diversity is an important aspect of the ecosystem that needs to be studied. There have been many studies regarding biodiversity of fungi in terrestrial, marine and riverine environments, but studies regarding fungi found in mangrove soil still needs to be done. This study focused on determining the species composition, distribution and ecology of mangrove soil fungi in the Iloilo River, Iloilo City. Soil fungi were sampled from three areas in the river representing the downstream, midstream and upstream areas. Fungal isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics- cultural and microscopic features. There were 10 identified fungal species -Aspergillus cf. flavus, Aspergillus cf. niger, Aspergillus cf. ustus, Aspergillus cf. versicolor, Aspergillus sp. (1), Aspergillus sp. (2) and Aspergillus sp. (3), Geotrichum cf. candidum, Penicillium cf. citrinum and Penicillium sp. (1), while there were 2 unidentified species. Three of these species were very frequent across the sites -Aspergillus cf. flavus, Geotrichum cf. candidum and Penicillium cf. citrinum.
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    Short-term impacts of oil spills on fungal population in a mangrove area in Batad, Iloilo
    Alpas, Donna Bella C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-04)
    Oil spills cause extensive damage on the marine environment, ranging from obliteration of its flora and fauna to biomagnifications of toxic components of petroleum. The location of mangroves at the sea-land interface makes the ecosystem susceptible to disturbances such as oil spills. There is a considerable information on the impacts of oil spills on mangrove while impacts on microbial populations, especially fungi, are limited. This study therefore assessed the effect of oil on the diversity and distribution of fungi of oil-contaminated sites in Batad, Iloilo due to Power Barge oil spill last November 8, 2013. The mangrove surface sediments were collected on January 11, 2014 at oil-contaminated sites in Batad, Iloilo and uncontaminated site in Ajuy, Iloilo. Sample were processed based on Pepper and Gerba (2004). Colony forming units per gram of soil (CFU/g) was used to express yeasts and filamentous fungi. On PDA medium, more fungal isolates were isolated at oil-contaminated site compared with uncontaminated site at 14 and 12 species respectively, there was also a higher Shannon Index of Diversity at 2.4858 and 2.4582, respectively. Among the filamentous fungi, three genera were represented by Aspergillus. Penicillium, and Cladosporium. However, Aspergillus was more diverse with 10 species. Six species were found only at the oil-contaminated sites - Aspergillus sp 2. Aspergillus sp 1, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium sp 2, Penicillium sp 3 and Yeast sp 2 while four species are found in the unoiled site - Penicillium cf. lapidosum, Aspergillus sp 3, Aspergillus sp 4 Penicillium sp 1. Furthermore, there is a low index of similarity as shown by Jaccards coefficient of similarity (J=0.44) and Sorensen coefficient of similarity ( C=0.61). Fungal load was higher at oil-contaminated soils compared with uncontaminated soils at 1.3 x 10 - CFU/g and 6.0 x IO3 CFU/g, respectively. Bushnell Haas Agar yielded more fungi isolates isolated from oil-contaminated sites compared with uncontaminated site of 4 and 3 species respectively. Furthermore, a higher Shannon Index Diversity (H) was observed at oil-contaminated sites (1.3298) than those at uncontaminated site (0.6364) suggesting that there are more species of fungi capable to degrade the hydrocarbons and utilize it as a source of energy. The overall frequency of distribution of the major fungal genera in both oil-contaminated and uncontaminated sites showed that only Dueteromycota was isolated and dominated in both sites and in both media, the PDA and Bushnell Haas Agar. The major genera isolated in PDA medium included Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and yeast. In Bushnell Haas Agar, Aspergillus and yeast were the major genera isolated and are seen in both sites. The frequency of occurrence of various species in uncontaminated and oil-contaminated sites were not significantly different. The Deuteromycota were the dominant group that were isolated on all sites using two media. The overall result indicate the stimulating effect of oil are observed in the higher fungal load in oil- contaminated site.
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    Living above and belowground biomass and carbon stock assessment of station 1, Taklong Island, Taklong Island National Marine Reserve, Guimaras, Philippines
    Alegado, Alexis Jude T. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)
    The Taklong National Marine Reserve is one of the marine protected sites in the country with a good cover of mangroves. This study assessed the species composition, diversity, aboveground biomass and the estimated carbon of the natural mangrove forest found in Taklong Island Station 1. Barangay Lapaz. Nueva Valencia. Guimaras. The study aimed to: a.) map out the area of the selected mangrove patches, b.) identify the species composition and diversity of the sampling site, c.) quantify the aboveground and belowground biomass, carbon stock of live vegetations, and d.) to convert the carbon stock to carbon dioxide equivalence (CO₂e) of the selected station. This study is only limited to the estimation of living aboveground, belowground and the carbon stock using the published allometric equations. Only 7 species of mangroves were found in the site belonging to 3 families. The mean stand basal area was 21.47 m2 ha-1. The species diversity is low at 0.23 due to low speciation of species of mangroves on the site. The total aboveground biomass was 506.89 Mg ha-1 and carbon dioxide emission potential (CO₂e) of 2,498.15Mg CO₂e. This shows that mangrove in Station 1 of Taklong Island has stored a considerable amount of carbon overtime. Hence, there must be a proper management and protection of this ecosystem.