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Undergraduate Special Problem

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/30

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2002 - 200928

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Start date: 2002End date: 2009

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    Abundance, composition and distribution of phytoplankton in West Central Sulu Sea
    Bria, Jed B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2008-11)
    A total of 28 stations were sampled for abundance, composition and distribution of phytoplankton in the West Central Sulu Sea. The samples were taken from 15-30 April 2007. Samples were collected by filtering 50L of surface water through a 20 pm mesh plankton net. A total of 96 phytoplankton genera were identified and were grouped into four major taxa. The overall mean density was 444.6 cells/L. Diatoms were the most abundant, with the mean density of 213.5 cells/L. The most abundant diatom genus was Chaetoceros. Blue-green algae showed the second-highest mean density of 127.6 cells/L. Trichodesmium was the most abundant genus among the two blue-green algae identified. Trichodesmium was also the most abundant genus, comprising 28.1% of all phytoplankton identified. Dinoflagellates and silicoflagellates were ranked third and fourth among the four major taxa with 77.5 cells/L and 28 cells/L, respectively. Protoperidinium was the most abundant dinoflagellate, while Amphorella was the most abundant silicoflagellate. They made up 6.2% and 1.2 % of all phytoplankton identified, respectively. The stations located along the coast of Palawan and near the Tubattaha Reef Marine National Park showed the highest phytoplankton concentrations.
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    Survival and metamorphosis of the mud crab Scylla tranquebarica larvae fed with Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia nauplii
    Ballescas, Ella Anne M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-03)
    Despite the growing corpus of research on cultural nationalism, the state's role in producing cultural nationalism in a post-colonial and non-western setting and the phenomena from a bottom-up perspective continues to be little explored. This study examines the conditions under which national political leaders pursued policies to protect the cultural heritage of the country's indigenous cultural communities for the aims of political nationalism. From a top- down perspective, the study looks at the context, intent, content, state's implementation and caveats of the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997. While from the bottom-up perspective, the study looks at how the Bantoanon indigenous community mobilizes and organizes to navigate through state bureaucracy and ‘reappropriate’ the state's nationalism to meet their cultural goals. To examine the phenomena, the study on the textual analysis of existing written primary and secondary sources supplemented with oral interviews of key informants and a review of available literature. It finds that at the national level, political motives partly animated the support of political leaders for indigenous cultural heritage protection policies; that the state used heritage protection policies to pursue its political purposes; and that the support for political leaders for indigenous cultural heritage protection policies was premised on the condition that it did not interfere with the state's interests and diminish the state's rights. While at the Bantoanon indigenous cultural communities level, it finds that despite the caveats embedded in the country's heritage protection policies, the indigenous cultural community could mobilize and assert its rights, thus enabling it to ‘reappropriate’ the state's political institutions to meet its own cultural objectives. This thesis, therefore, argues that the relationship between the two parties under IPRA is mutually beneficial, with both the state and indigenous cultural communities finding some utility in the law.
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    Floristic composition and diversity of mangroves in selected sites in the province of Antique, Panay Island, Philippines.
    Balinas, Lucelle V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-03)
    Mangroves in the Philippines are in constant danger due to innumerable disturbances in the environment. The study endeavored to assess the floristic composition and diversity of the mangroves in the province of Antique through transect and ocular survey in the randomly selected sites throughout the province. Diversity in the region is high with the presence of 3 1 true mangrove species represented by 16 families and 14 genera. The species include Acanthus ebracteatus, A. ilicifolius, and A. volubilis from Family Acanthaceae, Avicennia alba, A. marina. A. officinalis, and A. rhumphiana from Family Avicenniaceae, Camptostemon philippinensis from Family Bombaceae, Lumnitzera littorea and Lumnitzera racemosa from Family Combretaceae, Excoecaria agallocha from Family Euphorbiaceae, Pemphis acidula from Family Lythraceae, Xylocarpus granatum and Xylocarpus moluccensis from Family Meliaceae, Aegiceras corniculatum and Aegiceras floridum from Family Myrsinaceae, Osbornia octodonta of Family Myrtaceae, Nypa fruticans of Family Palmae, Bruguieria cvlindrica. B. gymnorrhiza, and B. sexangula, Ceriops decandra, C. tagal, Rhizophora apiculata. R. mucronata and R. stylosa from Family Rhizophoraceae, Scyphiphora hydrophvllaceae from Family Rubiaceae, Sonneratia alba, S. caseolaris and S. ovata from Family Sonneratiaceae, and Heritiera littoralis from Family Sterculiaceae . The Shannon Index of Diversity used to determine the measure of diversity in the area is correlated with Pielou's Equitability Index for Evenness. The measures of indices showed that diversity and evenness of the mangal area in the province are directly related, with values of 0.73232 and 0.51163, respectively. Caluya showed the highest diversity index of 1.0132, which consisted of 28 species from 13 families and 15 genera, while Bugasong has a relatively low diversity of 0.0486, denoted by 6 species from 4 families and 4 genera. In general, the high variations in the geomorphology of coastal areas in Antique provided a wide range of substrata for colonization of mangroves that contributed to the high species diversity.
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    Molluscicidal activity of tabaco dust against the brackishwater pond snail Telescopium telescopium (Gastropoda: Potamididae)
    Azucena, Paulene C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-04)
    Telescopium telescopium, a molluscan potamidid snail thrives in the muddy substrates of brackishwater ponds in the Philippines. It occurs in considerable numbers but uncontrollable increases in its population poses serious threats to pond production. Tobacco dust is considered as a potential biomolluscicide that is able to control pond snail infestation. A short-term bioassay was conducted to know the effectiveness of tobacco dust as a molluscicide against T. telescopium by determining its median lethal concentration (LC50) after a period of 96 hours. Twenty-five telescope snails were subjected to varying concentrations of tobacco dust, from 0 to 1.0 kg/L at 0.2-kg increments. Three replicates were done for every treatment. Counting of dead snails was done after 48 and 96 hours of exposure. Snails exposed to varying concentrations of tobacco dust exhibited several defense mechanisms such as avoiding the toxic solution by crawling out of the area, closing their operculum and retracting their bodies toward their shell. Highest snail mortality was observed at the 1.0-kg/L treatment. After the 96-hr. exposure time, the concentration of tobacco dust that proves to be lethal to 50% of the snails was computed to be 0.5849 kg/L. Indeed, tobacco dust is an effective molluscicide against brackishwater pond snails, particularly T. telescopium.
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    Comparison of the length-weight relationship between starved and fed Scylla tranquebarica crablets
    Arroyo. Ritchel B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-04)
    This study aimed to determine the length-weight as well as the width-weight relationships of the Scylla tranquebarica crablets when starved and fed during the intermolt and premolt stages. Molt stages were identified and then the crablets were subjected to feeding or starvation for 36 days. Regression analysis showed the length-weight relationship of the Scylla tranquebarica crablets, including carapace length, carapace width, and body weight when fed and starved. Regression lines for each category differed from one another. Results showed that the fed crablets in intermolt and premolt stages showed greater body weight gain per unit carapace length and carapace width. The intermolt fed gave the highest weight gain per unit length and unit width among the treatments. Equations for interconversions of length and weight and for length and width are reported for the premolt and intermolt stages when fed and starved.
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    Fungal pathogen associated with Rhizophora stylosa: A comparative study between oiled and unoiled sites within Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMAR), Nueva Valencia, Guimaras
    Balanga-an, Kristoffer (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)
    Mangroves, refer to an assemblage of trees and shrubs that inhabit the coastal intertidal zone in tropical and subtropical regions. They help in the soil formation, protection, and stabilization of our coastal environment as well as serve as shelter and breeding grounds for some of our marine organisms. A mangrove habitat represents the borderline between land and sea and is considered as one of the principal places where spilled oil and associated impacts converge. Oil spill threaten mangroves by predisposing the plants to fungal attacks thereby reducing their resistance to stress and diseases. Studies also show that certain fungi species are able to utilize oil in contaminated mangrove species. This study generally aims to compare the fungal population found on the diseased leaves of Rhizophora stylosa between oiled and unoiled sites in the Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMAR). It also aims to isolate, characterize and identify fungi present in diseased leaves of Rhizophora stylosa using potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture media and determine their frequency of occurrence. Leaf samples were collected from two sites in TINMAR, one of which was contaminated by oil and the other one was not. Three trees were selected to represent each of the two sampling sites (oiled and unoiled), and to each of the selected trees, three diseased leaves were collected. The results of this study showed the dominance of some species of fungi namely, Aspergillus (40%), Penicillium (20%), Cladosporium (13.33%), Monilia (6.67%), Mycelia (6.67%), Humicola (6.67%), and Pestalotiopsis (6.67%). Five out of these seven genera were isolated from the unoiled site while six of these were isolated from the oiled site. Generally, the fungal population was observed to be greater in the oiled site than in the unoiled. This preliminary data indicate that R. stylosa might still be undergoing stress due to the remaining components of the spilled oil in the area. However, this can only be resolved by further monitoring.
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    Nutritional status of 0-5 year old children of small scale fisherfolks from Barangays along the coastal areas of Miagao, Iloilo
    Ascano, Maria Epifanie; Borromeo, Ma. Benjafe; Luces, Leslie Ann; Napud, Ma. Salve; Sagge, Jasmine; Tarroja, Aireen Joy (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)
    This special problem sought to determine the nutritional status of 0-5 year old children of subsistence fisherfolks from selected barangays along the coastal areas of Miag-ao, Iloilo. The study incorporated anthropometric, clinical, dietary, and socioeconomic data to detect any nutritional disorder and to ascertain nutriture of 0-5 years old children. There were fifty-six fishermen among the 14 coastal areas which served as basis for determining the number of respondents. Ninety-one children aged 0-5 years old comprised the sample population. This descriptive cross-sectional study employed a probability sampling method named two-stage sampling design. This special study utilized an anthropometric data sheet, clinical assessment sheet, 24-hour food recall sheet, and interview schedule to gather appropriate data. The data collected was then subjected to statistical tools such as means, frequency count/distribution, percentages, ANOVA using the EPI-INFO 6 software and the Fil-Anthrop Software of the FNRI-DOST. Findings revealed that 45.1% of the respondents had an average height for age, 37.4% of the respondents were mildly underweight for age, and 54.9% had an average weight for height. Among the ninety-one respondents, the clinical signs exhibited were lack of luster, thinness, and sparseness; dyspigmentation; pale conjunctiva; thyroid gland enlargement; mottled enamel; dental caries; spongy, bleeding gums; and beading of the rib. Moreover, 82.4% of the respondents were below the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Findings have revealed that there is no association between the nutritional status of respondents (ht. for age, wt. for age, wt. for ht.) and the following variables: (a) Age of 0-5 years old children, (b) Sex of 0-5 years old children, (c) family size, (d) Monthly family income, (e) Highest educational attainment of housewives, (f) Clinical signs, (g) Sanitary practices, (h) Crowding index, (i) Feeding practices of housewives, (j) Presence of toilet facilities, and (k) Source of drinking water.
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    Community structure of mangroves in selected barangays in Sebaste, Antique
    Alorro, Mary Juandin Grace F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-03)
    Mangroves are higher plants that are primarily found predominantly in the intertidal areas such as estuaries and lagoons of the tropical and subtropical shorelines. This study was conducted to assess the community structure of mangroves in Barangay Callan, Barangay Idio, Barangay Poblacion, Barangay Abiera, and Barangay Bacalan, Sebaste, Antique, using the transect line method. Specifically, it aimed to determine selected physical and chemical factors such as salinity, pH, temperature for water and soil as well as characterization of the substrate; identify and classify true mangrove species present in the area; and describe the community structure in terms of stand basal area, stems per hectare, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, importance value, Shannon index of diversity, zonation patterns, seedling and sapling density. No study has been done to document the community structure of mangroves in Sebaste, Antique thus, this study was done to provide vital information needed for its proper management. Three stations were selected in Sebaste, Antique. Four (4) species of true mangroves were identified, belonging to three (3) families: Palmae - Nypa fruticans; Rhizophoraceae - Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; and Euphorbiaceae - Excoecaria agallocha. The study area had a water salinity range of 0.6 ppt to 15.3 ppt; water temperature range of 28.3°C to 35.4°C; water pH range of 7.1 to 7.7; soil temperature range of 28.3°C to 34.7°C; and soil pH range of 6.5 to 7.2. Basal area ranges from 3.16 m2/ha (Rhizophora apiculata) to 5.88 m2/ha (Excoecaria agallochd) to 8.19 m2/ha (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) . The species with the highest average of stems per hectare were Excoecaria agallocha and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza with 300 as well as the highest average density value of 100 for Excoecaria agallocha. Nypa fruticans had the highest relative frequency and relative dominance. Among the four species, the most important species was Nypa fruticans. The Shannon Index of Dominance was 0.403 which was quite low in terms of diversity as influenced by the dominance of Nypa fruticans.
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    Gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity and heavy metal concentration profiles of well water of the Calahunan dump site, Mandurriao, Iloilo City
    Amarante, Hena Charma; Basquez, Mark Anthony; Brunio, Christian Allan; Dable, Nesel; De la Pena, Pamela-Di; Genterola, Janis; Oredina, Josette Marie; Padayhag, Dave (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)
    The study aimed to establish presence of radioactivity and concentration of heavy metals specifically lead and chromium in drinking water from wells within one-kilometer radius from the approximated center of the Calahunan dump site. Results showed that four out of twelve wells have positive results fro gross alpha activity and gross beta activity: wells 2A, 2C, 3A, and 3D. Well 2A, 2C and 3D registered alpha activities of 0.54, 0.033 and 0.369 Bq/L respectively while Well 3A registered beta activity of 1.0 Bq/L. Wells 2A and 3D exceeded the radiological limits set by WHO and PNSDW of 0.1 Bq/L for alpha activity and 1.0 Bq/L for beta activity. These wells that are found adjacent to the perimeter fence of the dump site registered alpha activity (wells 2A, 2C and 3D) and beta activity (well 3A). Radiological activities in all other wells sampled registered less than lower limit of detection. For gamma activity, all wells recorded 137- Cs and 134-Cs activity less than the lower limit of detection. For chromium and lead concentration using FAAS, only well 3C has a chromium concentration of 0.0952 ppm and this exceeded the PNSDW standard for chromium in drinking water (0.05 ppm) FAAS has not recorded any value for lead. For chemical constituent analysis using XRF, two wells in zone 1 (LA and IC), have recorded lead concentration of 0.9 and 0.136 ppm, respectively. In zone two, only well 2D registered a lead concentration of 0.248 ppm. In zone 3, well 3C registered a lead concentration of 0.397 ppm. For chromium concentration, only well 2A in zone 2 has a chromium concentration of 1.79 ppm. The spot interview and ocular inspection found out that the following garbage are disposed of indiscriminately tn the dump site: (1) Television picture tubes, (2) Dysfunctional Computer Monitors, (3) Used syringes and needles, (4) Hospital wastes, (5) Automobile batteries and dry cells, (6) scrap iron, tin cans, paint cans, paint cans, etc., (7) polyethylene bottle, glass bottles, and containers of similar types, and (8) other organic and inorganic wastes. Wells whose values for gross alpha, lead, and chromium concentration exceeded the standard are unsuitable for dinking and other domestic uses. The observation that wells (2A and 3D) near the Calahunan dump site registered higher-than-standard alpha activity may be a good basis to conduct further research particularly on the effect of leachate from dump site.
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    Fungal pathogens associated with Sonneratia alba: A comparative study between oiled and unoiled sites within Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMAR), Nueva Valencia, Guimaras
    Albacete, May Therese F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)
    Majority of researches on impacts of oil spills on mangroves focused on the immediate post-spill acute effects. However, the persistence of oil in sediments at oil spill sites has been reported in a number of published works. As such, this remaining oil could serve as source of stress to mangroves resulting into the expression of sub-lethal effects such as changes in foliage and canopy, abnormalities in reproductive structures among others. Furthermore, oil in mangroves also has the potential of increasing fungal attacks due to their impairment of natural defense mechanisms such as salt removal from leaves and trunks. Thus, this study was conducted to determine if there was a difference in fungal species composition and frequency of occurrence of fungal population of mangrove leaves collected in oiled and unoiled areas within Taklong Island National Marine Reserve, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras following the spill that occurred in August I1,2006. Fungi from diseased leaves of Sonneratia alba were isolated and characterized using Acidified Potato Dextrose Agar (APDA) for samples collected in January 2009 only. A total of 7 and 6 species were identified from among the isolates in oiled and unoiled sites. Although there is a little difference in species composition, almost all the isolated species was frequently occurring in both oiled and uncoiled sites. Gliomastix morurom (5.8%) in the unoiled site was only frequently occurring. The results may imply that difference in frequency of occurrence of certain species might be an indicator for sub-lethal effects of oil but needs further investigations to consider environmental factors among other factors.