Undergraduate Special Problem
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Item Gonadal maturation Stages of Pinkfingered Vinegar Crab Episesarma chengtongense (Serene and Soh 1967) from Capiz, PhilippinesBarredo, Elilyn Farrah Belle B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)The pink-fingered vinegar crab Episesarma chengtongense is a growing fishery resource in the mangrove areas of the Philippines and may have potential for aquaculture and stock enhancement. To determine the gonadal maturation stages for both male and female for this species, a study was conducted from February to May 2015 of the pink-fingered crab from Capiz, Philippines. The determination of the gonadal maturation stages was based on the gross morphology and histological characteristics of the male and female gonads. In both sexes, gonad activity occurred throughout the study duration but for females, the peak egg bearing month was in May (87%). Body sizes of ovierous females were from 31.9 - 42.3 mm (CW). The greatest prevalence of ovigerous females was in the size range of 35-39 mm CW; the lowest percentage at 40-44 mm CW. Male crabs with mature testes were consistently high (70- 100%) in the four months duration of the study. The smallest female carrying eggs was 31.9 mm CW. Four stages of ovarian maturation were identified namely: developing (Stage II) with a yellow colored gonad, ripe (Stage III) with orange colored gonad, mature (Stage IV) with brown colored gonad and spent (Stage V) with light brown colored gonad. Two stages of male gondal maturation were identified namely immature (Stage I) with translucent to off white testes and mature.(Stage II) with creamy white testes.Item Survival and metamorphosis of the mud crab Scylla tranquebarica larvae fed with Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia naupliiBallescas, Ella Anne M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-03)Despite the growing corpus of research on cultural nationalism, the state's role in producing cultural nationalism in a post-colonial and non-western setting and the phenomena from a bottom-up perspective continues to be little explored. This study examines the conditions under which national political leaders pursued policies to protect the cultural heritage of the country's indigenous cultural communities for the aims of political nationalism. From a top- down perspective, the study looks at the context, intent, content, state's implementation and caveats of the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997. While from the bottom-up perspective, the study looks at how the Bantoanon indigenous community mobilizes and organizes to navigate through state bureaucracy and ‘reappropriate’ the state's nationalism to meet their cultural goals. To examine the phenomena, the study on the textual analysis of existing written primary and secondary sources supplemented with oral interviews of key informants and a review of available literature. It finds that at the national level, political motives partly animated the support of political leaders for indigenous cultural heritage protection policies; that the state used heritage protection policies to pursue its political purposes; and that the support for political leaders for indigenous cultural heritage protection policies was premised on the condition that it did not interfere with the state's interests and diminish the state's rights. While at the Bantoanon indigenous cultural communities level, it finds that despite the caveats embedded in the country's heritage protection policies, the indigenous cultural community could mobilize and assert its rights, thus enabling it to ‘reappropriate’ the state's political institutions to meet its own cultural objectives. This thesis, therefore, argues that the relationship between the two parties under IPRA is mutually beneficial, with both the state and indigenous cultural communities finding some utility in the law.Item Molluscicidal activity of tabaco dust against the brackishwater pond snail Telescopium telescopium (Gastropoda: Potamididae)Azucena, Paulene C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-04)Telescopium telescopium, a molluscan potamidid snail thrives in the muddy substrates of brackishwater ponds in the Philippines. It occurs in considerable numbers but uncontrollable increases in its population poses serious threats to pond production. Tobacco dust is considered as a potential biomolluscicide that is able to control pond snail infestation. A short-term bioassay was conducted to know the effectiveness of tobacco dust as a molluscicide against T. telescopium by determining its median lethal concentration (LC50) after a period of 96 hours. Twenty-five telescope snails were subjected to varying concentrations of tobacco dust, from 0 to 1.0 kg/L at 0.2-kg increments. Three replicates were done for every treatment. Counting of dead snails was done after 48 and 96 hours of exposure. Snails exposed to varying concentrations of tobacco dust exhibited several defense mechanisms such as avoiding the toxic solution by crawling out of the area, closing their operculum and retracting their bodies toward their shell. Highest snail mortality was observed at the 1.0-kg/L treatment. After the 96-hr. exposure time, the concentration of tobacco dust that proves to be lethal to 50% of the snails was computed to be 0.5849 kg/L. Indeed, tobacco dust is an effective molluscicide against brackishwater pond snails, particularly T. telescopium.Item Zooplankton composition, abundance and diversity in selected Municipalities of Negros Occidental and AklanAusan, Aisa Marie U. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)Zooplankton samples were collected last May and June 2014 from 20 stations in the vicinity of Kalibo, Aklan and Pontevedra, San Enrique, and Valladolid, Negros Occidental. Three hundred fifty-three (353) liters of water were filtered per station thru a 5m vertical haul of plankton net with a diameter of 30cm and a mesh size of 20μm. Overall zooplankton densities were higher in Negros Occidental, specifically in Valladolid (D=1915.3 cells/L), than in Kalibo, Aklan (D=7.2 cells/L). On the other hand, zooplankton community was most diverse in Kalibo (H’ = 2.6) compared to Valladolid (H’=1.3), San Enrique (H’=2.1) and Pontevedra (H’=1.8). Jaccard’s similarity index was highest between Pontevedra and San Enrique while lowest between Valladolid and Kalibo. In Kalibo there were four major groups of zooplankton. Most dense of these were the tintinnids (3.9 cells/L) followed by copepods (2.5 cells/L), molluscs (7xlOE-lcells/L) and polychaetes (IxlOE-lcell/L). Among the copepods Subeucalanus was the most abundant zooplankton genus. In Pontevedra and San Enrique, Negros Occidental, copepods were the most abundant group with a mean density of 205.3 cells/L and 312.1 cells/L, respectively. The relative abundance ofAcartia (36.5%) and Longipedia (22.6%) made them the dominant zooplankton genera in Pontevedra and San Enrique, respectively. Like in Kalibo, the tintinnids were also the most abundant group in Valladolid (1879.2 cells/L). Copepods followed with a mean density of 35.7 cells/L, while Polychaetes comprised only 4xlOE-l cells/L. Epiplocylis was the most abundant tintinnid in Valladolid while Xystonella in Kalibo. Varying sampling time within months and day is the possible cause of the differences in zooplankton abundance, composition, and diversity since some zooplankton species undergo diel vertical migration.Item Comparison of the length-weight relationship between starved and fed Scylla tranquebarica crabletsArroyo. Ritchel B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-04)This study aimed to determine the length-weight as well as the width-weight relationships of the Scylla tranquebarica crablets when starved and fed during the intermolt and premolt stages. Molt stages were identified and then the crablets were subjected to feeding or starvation for 36 days. Regression analysis showed the length-weight relationship of the Scylla tranquebarica crablets, including carapace length, carapace width, and body weight when fed and starved. Regression lines for each category differed from one another. Results showed that the fed crablets in intermolt and premolt stages showed greater body weight gain per unit carapace length and carapace width. The intermolt fed gave the highest weight gain per unit length and unit width among the treatments. Equations for interconversions of length and weight and for length and width are reported for the premolt and intermolt stages when fed and starved.Item Composition of abundance of meiofaunal assemblages found in Banate Bay during NE monsoon and early summerArrivas, Johny Kevin B. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-05)The study was conducted in Banate Bay, Philippines to describe the composition and abundance of the meiofaunal assemblage in the area. Field sampling was done during December 2012 and March 2013. A total of 41 taxa were identified, dominated by nematodes followed by harpacticoid copepods. The overall mean density of meiofauna in the shallow waters of Banate bay was 28.8 ind.cm'2. The high meiofaunal density recorded in the present study was due to sediment granulometry, water depth and percent organic matter. Macrofauna: meiofauna ratio was also high due to sparse number of macrofauna observed and the physical disturbances associated with seasonal rainfall. The highest density was recorded in March 2013 and the lowest was recorded in December 2012, albeit no significant difference. The temporal distribution of meiofauna was positively correlated with salinity (R = 0.59). Seasonal rainfall also influenced the meiofaunal abundance by affecting turbidity and salinity as well as causing physical disturbances (e.g., storm). Spatial distribution of meiofauna between the stations was influenced by salinity rather than the sediment granulometry, organic matter and turbidity.Item Echinoid and Ophiuroid species in Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMR), GuimarasAlmira, Eugenie Marie A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMR) in Guimaras is one of the Philippines’ marine protected sites established to ensure continuity and productivity of marine organisms such as echinoderms. The study aims to determine the community structure of echinoid and ophiuroid species in selected shallow coastal sites around Taklong Island within TINMR. Sampling was done twice (June 2014 and Jan 2015) using belt transect method for echinoid species in three selected sites and random quadrat method for ophiuroid species in two sites. A total of twelve (12) echinoid and six (6) ophiuroid species were recorded. The most numerous echinoid and ophiuroid were Echinotrix calamaris and Ophiocoma erinaceus, respectively. The diversity of echinoids (H’= 0.37-0.95) and ophiuroids (H’= 0.53-1.40) in Taklong Island was relatively low. Presence and abundances of many echinoids and ophiuroids in a site varied with sampling time. Variation may be due to differences in substrate characteristics such as sea grass cover and coral cover as well as environmental factors.Item Relation of size and sex to the natural diet of the red crab Charybdis feriatus Linnaeus (Brachyura: Portunidae) from Pilar-Capiz Bays, Northern PanayAlabia, Irene Dolorfino (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-03)A total of 395 (males= 282; females=113) specimens of the red crab Charybdis feriatus were collected from Pilar-Capiz Bays from January-December 2002 and were used for the present study. Relative fullness index were computed for both sexes of different size classes. Results showed that stomachs of females were slightly fuller than that of males. Similar observation was made between juvenile and adult specimens. A total of 75 (males= 57; females= 18) gut contents were analyzed in detail. Major food items in the diet of the crabs include unidentified matter, unidentified eggs, fish, crab, and shrimp remains. Frequency of occurrence and combined visual estimation of unidentified organic matter were used for the examination. No dietary differences due to ontogenetic change were observed in the species while diet of male crabs were found to be more varied than those of females. However, frequency of occurrence of major food items in the stomachs of both sexes was comparable.Item A preliminary investigation on the physico-chemical parameters of the habitat and associated flora of Rafflesia sp. along the western side of Sibalom Natural ParkAlacapa, Lilluck F. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2003-04)Rafflesia, bearing the largest flowers in the world, was found to exist in Sibalom Natural Park. In view of efforts to conserve the Rafflesia site, this study entitled, “A preliminary investigation on the physico-chemical parameters of the habitat and associated flora of Rafflesia sp. along the western side of Sibalom Natural Park”, aims to come up with information as to what conditions do these flowers grow and their associated flora. This study hopes to help strengthen biodiversity conservation efforts of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. The study had ten sampling sites, five of which with the existence of Rafflesia sp. and five of which without Rafflesia sp.. In each of these areas the data gathered were girth of trees, saplings and seedlings, list and number of existing flora within the area, soil pH, soil texture, soil and air temperature, and relative humidity. The study found that the Rafflesia sp. in the Sibalom Natural Park grows at high relative humidity, relatively cool air and soil temperature, in soil with high amounts of clay and nearly neutral pH. The Rafflesia sp., aside from its host vine, exists with the plant locally known as ban-ban. No species of plant was found to dominate the areas where Rafflesia sp. exists.Item Prevalence of substance use among college students of state colleges in IloiloAgreda, Joji Marie Gela; Corio, Razel Joy Luceno; Hervas, Jeneline Espanol; Icabandi, Donna Joy Tabor; Melarin, Dianne Vallecera; Mosura, Joenalie Montano; Suspeñe, Rhoda Belandres; Vallejo, Arleen Joy Calanao (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2004-04)This study aimed to describe the prevalence, nature, and extent of substance use of college students enrolled in the main campuses of state colleges in Iloilo. There were 402 respondents coming from the main campuses of Iloilo State College of Fisheries (ISCOF), Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College (NIPSC), Western Visayas College of Science and Technology (WVCST) and the lone campus of New Lucena Polytechnic College (NLPC). Data was collected through a questionnaire which was modified from the model core questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results showed that 36.1% of the respondents had tried smoking. Their mean age of smoking initiation was 17 years with 13.5% having first tried smoking before 15 years of age. Their top three reasons for smoking are as follows: curiosity (44.1%), for fun (25.5%) and peer pressure (17.2%). Of the respondents who smoked within 30 days prior to the survey, 14.7% consumed more than 5 cigarettes per day. The results also showed that 33.8% of the respondents who have tried smoking usually smoke during parties while their usual place to smoke is either in their houses, dormitories or boarding houses (40.7%). There was a significant relationship between the smoking status of the respondents who have tried smoking and the following: gender (p < 0.0001), age (p = 0.0004) and year level (p < 0.01). On the other hand, smoking status of the respondents who have tried smoking has no significant relationship with the following: annual family income (p = 0.91). living arrangement (p = 0.63) and membership in fraternities/sororities (p = 0.17). Alcoholic use had a higher prevalence (65.4%) than cigarette smoking (36.1%). The mean age of those respondents who have tried drinking was also 17 years with 13.7% having tried drinking at an age below 15 years. Their top three reasons for drinking are: for fun (34.6%), curiosity (29.3%) and because family members drink (12.9%). Seventy percent of the respondents who have tried drinking drank 30 days prior to the survey with 10.9% consuming more than 5 bottles and another 10.9% consuming more than 5 glasses of alcoholic beverages. Of those who have been binge drinking 30 davs prior to the survey, 18.9% have been binge drinking 3 to 5 times. The usual occasion for the respondents to drink is during parties (72.9%) and the usual place for them to drink was either in their houses, dormitories or boarding houses (60.8%). The beverage of choice is beer (59.7%). The drinking status of those who have tried drinking had a significant relationship with the following: gender (p < 0.0001), year level (p = 0.005) and membership to fraternities/sororities (p = 0.04). Meanwhile, drinking status had no significant relationship with age (p = 0.06), annual family income (p = 0.85) and their living arrangements (p = 0.51). Shabu use had a prevalence of 2.7% among the respondents. The mean age of shabu use was also 17 years with 18.2% first trying it at 15 years of age. Their reasons for having tried shabu are: peer pressure (45.5%), curiosity (18.2%) and for fun (18.2%). Within 30 days prior to the survey. 45.5% of those who have tried using shabu have used shabu and 20.0% have used shabu in 20 or more days. They usually use shabu during parties (54.5%) and usually have tried using shabu either in their houses, dormitories and boarding houses (54.6%). Data shows that shabu use had a significant relationship with the following: gender (p = 0.0007). year level (p = 0.003) and fraternity/sorority membership (p = 0.05). It has no significant relationship with age (p = 0.09). annual family income (p = 0.92) and their living arrangements (p = 0.47). Results also showed that 5 % of the respondents have tried smoking marijuana and 4.2% have tried opiate type drugs. The mean age for having tried drugs other than shabu was also 17 years with 26.3 % having tried them at an age below 15. Thirty-one percent of those who have tried other drugs than shabu have tried within 30 days prior to the survey.