UPV Digital RepositoryUPV-DRUniversity of the Philippines Visayas
 

Undergraduate Special Problem

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/30

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2005 - 20105

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Committee Chair: search.filters.chair.Katalbas, Ma. Severa FeDegree: search.filters.degree.Bachelor of Science in Public Health

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    Relationship of moderate to heavy Trichuris trichiura infection with the packed red cell volume and mental ability of elementary schoolchildren in Miag-ao, Iloilo
    Calibjo, Hartzell M.; Calvo, May Lyn A.; Dizon, Lourdes Anne A.; Garay, Cyrus Q.; Gonzales, Lorenz Alfred B.; Gibraltar, Felli Claire G.; Peralta, Lou Gillyn B.; Spitzer, Mark Manfred B.; Taburaza, Larimee S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-04)
    Trichuris trichiura commonly known as whipworm is a nematode that infects human particularly primary school-aged children. Studies show that moderate to heavy Trichuris infection may adversely affect the cognitive functions of schoolchildren (Nokes, 1991) and may cause anemia overtime (Politt, 1982). However, this has not been established in the local setting. This led the researchers to locally conduct a study that would primarily determine the relationship of the moderate to heavy intensity of trichuriasis with the mental ability of schoolchildren and with the Packed Red Cell Volume. It also aims to determine if there is a significant difference between the mental ability test scores and the Packed Red Cell Volume of moderate to heavy Trichuris infected group and the non-infected group. Three coastal elementary schools in Miag-ao, Iloilo was chosen as the study sites. These were Miag-ao West Central Elementary School, Igtuba-Guibongan Elementary School, and Bacauan-Mambatad Elementary School. Five hundred twenty five (525) elementary pupils aged 8—14 years had their stool samples examined using Modified Kato Katz to determine the intensity of Trichuris infection. Thirty (30) moderate to heavy Trichuris infected students and another 30 non-infected students were randomly selected as the study sample. Capillary blood samples were collected from the 60-study sample. The packed red cell volume was determined using the Microhematocrit Method and was categorized as normal and below normal. Mental ability of the study sample was measured using the standardized Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT). The test instrument was administered and interpreted by the Psychometricians. The results of the tests consisted of verbal interpretation and was categorized as below average, average and above average. The results showed no significant difference between the moderate to heavy infected group and the non-infected group based on mental ability test verbal interpretation (p= 0.770). The non-infected group even obtained a higher proportion of study samples that were below average CFIT test scores compared with the moderate to heavy infected group. The results of packed red cell volume revealed that all study samples (100%) in the non-infected group had normal Packed Cell Volume (PCV). On the other hand, only 90% of the study samples in the moderate to heavy infected group had normal Packed Cell volume (PCV) while the remaining 10% had below normal PCV. Statistically however, the difference was not significant (p= 0.164). Finally, Linear Regression Analysis showed no linear relationship between mental ability test Deviation Intelligence Quotient and Packed Red Cell Volume among the study samples. The scatter plot diagram showed dispersed distribution of study samples which means weak relationship between the two variables. The insignificant results in this study could be attributed to various confounding variables that were not controlled strictly all throughout the study, as well as the insensitivity of the test instruments used. Thus, the study recommends controlling carefully the various extraneous variables such as socioeconomic conditions, nutritional status of the study sample. The study also recommends the use of more sensitive and specific instruments for measuring the blood level and cognitive functions.
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    Household food security and nutritional status of preschoolers in Valderrama, Antique
    Braga, Mayet Ann D.; Gordon, Cyrus John G.; Guisihan, Thanz Pamela G., II; Jamili, JC John T.; Ledesma, Migil G.; Lim, Diana L.; Lim, Lenny Joy G.; Malalu-an, Rosalie A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2005-03)
    The study is a cross-sectional survey of 138 randomly selected households from ten (10) similarly randomly-selected barangays in Valderrama, Antique. This study aims to determine household food security and nutritional status of pre-schoolers in Valderrama, Antique. The study specifically aimed to: determine the status of household food security in Valderrama, Antique; describe the characteristics of households in terms of Age and Highest Educational Attainment of Caretakers, Annual Family Income (in Pesos), Income Allotment for Food, House Ownership, Number of Household Members and Food Source; and compare the nutritional status of pre-schoolers of food secure and food insecure households based on the following anthropometric parameters: Weight for age (WFA), Height / length for age (H/LFA) and Weight for height (WFH). The study is patterned after the national survey done by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) that ranked Antique as the province with the highest degree of malnutrition. Food security was determined using the Food-Security/Hunger Core Module, 3-Stage Design, with Screeners. Anthropometric measurements were taken from randomly selected preschoolers aged 0-5 from each household to determine the nutritional status. The current study revealed that the prevalence of food insecurity in Valderrama, Antique is very high at 94.9%. The level of food insecurity was further determined and the following results were obtained: 17.6% of the food insecure households were without hunger; 56.5% were the food insecure households were without hunger; 56.5% were food insecure with moderate hunger, and, 26.0% were food insecure with severe hunger. Only 5.1% of the households surveyed were food secure. The results showed that in terms of the anthropometric parameters used in the study (Weight for Age, Height for Age, Weight for Height), all pre-schoolers in food secure households were normal. On the other hand, in food insecure households, the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were high. Using the parameter Weight-For-Age (WFA), the prevalence of underweight children was 38.2%, which is higher than the national average of 27.6%. Using the Height-for-Age (HFA), 43.5% of pre-schoolers in the area were stunted (underheight) and which is again higher than the national average of 38.5%. The prevalence of wasting in the study was alarmingly high (14.5%) which is almost three times higher than the national average of 5.5%. The results obtained may be used as baseline data in planning intervention programs by the municipal government and concerned agencies (Government Organizations and Non-Government Organizations) to address the alarming problem of malnutrition in the municipality.
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    Acceptability of the newly-formulated food recipes among selected age groups at Brgy. Tabat Tubungan, Iloilo
    Beluso, Heziel F.; Buaron, Michelle Jane A.; Hubag, Angelie Rose C.; Macahilo, Judeilan A.; Mationg, Mary Lorraine S.; Nismal, Myles C.; Pido,Dianah D.; Simaurio, Geraldine C.; Sodusta, Valerie Joy M.; Yasa, Kutch V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2007-03)
    This research study is a cross-sectional survey done among 90 conveniently selected residents of Brgy. Tabat Tubungan, Iloilo in order to determine the acceptability of the newly-formulated food recipes based on sensory analysis (appearance, smell, taste and texture), general acceptability, cost, and food action response. The ingredients used in each of the three new recipes namely tortang malunggay, alugbati-squash ukoy and Palawan delight are nutritious, cheap and indigenous to the community. The acceptability test was done among the three selected age groups: school-age children (6-12 yrs old), adolescents (13-19 yrs old) and adult (20-40 yrs old). Pre-tested structured questionnaires were used in the evaluation of the acceptability of the three recipes. Results were analyzed using frequency distribution and test of proportion to determine whether or not the prepared recipes are acceptable. Chi-square analysis was used to test the independence of acceptability of the food items based on the set criteria and the age group categories of the panelists. The results show that three newly formulated recipes namely tortang malunggay, alugbati-squash ukoy and Palawan delight were found to contain high amount of energy content (107 kcal, 181 kcal and 160 kcal) and essential nutrients such as vitamins A and C, calcium and iron which are needed and vital to the body. The percent Recommended Dietary Allowance requirements derived from the three newly formulated food recipes were 5.35% of the total caloric need per serving for the tortang malunggay, alugbati-squash ukoy and palawan delight could supply 9.05% and 8.00% of the total caloric needs. For the sensory test, results show that in terms of the appearance, the three recipes: tortang malunggay, alugbati-squash ukoy and Palawan delight are acceptable to 82.22%, 95.56%, and 84.44% of the panelists respectively. Smell of the three recipes is acceptable to 87.78% of the panelists. Among the ninety panelists, 87.78% and 83.33% said that the taste of the food recipes is acceptable. In terms of texture, tortang malunggay received the highest acceptance level of 88.89%. Based on general acceptability, Palawan delight was liked by 93.33% panelist. The computed Chi-square values show that the acceptability based on sensory analysis and general acceptability of the three food recipes (except the taste of alugbati-squash ukoy) is not dependent on the age group category of the panelists. The costs of the three recipes were also acceptable to 95.56% of the panelists. As to the food action-response, 95.56% expressed a favorable response. Because of the positive results obtained during the acceptability test on the three food items, the researchers recommend these recipes be included in Food Supplementation and Nutrition Education activities.
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    Physico-chemical analysis and assessment of river waters discharged by sugar milling companies in Negros Occidental
    Alger, Niña Xiamima A.; Arinzol, Shaira S.; Bobon, Steve Paolo P.; Daquilanea, Mikkaela C.; de Leon, Sarah C.; Hilado, Paolo C.; Lastica, Ariel C.; Manderico, Regine Viel D. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2010-03)
    This cross-sectional study was focused on the river waters discharged by six sugar milling companies in Negros Occidental. These companies utilize river water in order to operate and may alter the characteristics of the waters. This study aims to analyze and assess the physical characteristics, namely pH, oil and grease, temperature, salinity, turbidity, and color, and the chemical characteristics, namely biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, phosphorus, and lead content, of these waters in order to identify the alterations upon its usage, detect abnormal characteristics, and eventually determine possible environmental and health hazards. Three samplings were done for each river’s downstream and upstream portions. The following tests and instruments were performed and were used on the samples: pH Meter for pH, DO Meter for DO, Wrinkler’s Test for BOD, PE Ascorbic Acid Test for phosphorus, Spectrophotometry for turbidity, Phenate Test for Ammonia, Hand Refractometer for salinity, Visual Comparison for color, Digital Thermometer for temperature, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for lead content, and Petroleum Ether Extraction Method for oil and grease. It was discovered most of the discharged river waters apparently had decreased pH and DO and increased BOD, temperature, salinity, ammonia, phosphorus, turbidity, and oil and grease content. Lead was detected on the all of the downstream portions. The pH and DO of most of the discharged river waters were ostensibly below the acceptable values while the oil and grease, ammonia, phosphorus, salinity, and lead content were above the acceptable ones. Temperature, color, and turbidity were the only parameters which fell within the acceptable values. Therefore, there can seemingly be environmental and health hazards posed on the residents living downstream since they are having direct or indirect contact with the contaminated or polluted water. It is recommended that laws should be made with regards to how the residents use the water and that the implementation of existing laws should be strengthened. Lastly, it is strongly advised that the DENR should increase the number of parameters analyzed during their regular monitoring, that the SMCs should improve the treatment of the waters, and that the effects of farmlands and communities on the river should be identified.
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    Microbiological water analysis of selected point sources in Iloilo City
    Alama, Jannie Mae G.; Calitis, Ma. Socorro Fatima P.; Cervantes, Ria Angela E.; Garcia, Marian Aisa C.; Otico, Pelita A.; Pacheco, Donna Ginn G.; Taquiso, Jezreel l. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2006-04)
    The recreational use of the Iloilo River according to the Iloilo River Master Plan entails various studies to support it being safe for swimming and other activities. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Region VI has done very few studies to determine this particular aspect of the Iloilo River. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the bacteriologic content of water in selected point sources in Iloilo River, Iloilo City and the possible correlations to the incidence of health risks. Specifically the study aims to: (1) determine significant differences in the physico-chemical characteristics of water samples from each point source; (2) to determine the total and fecal coliform counts number for each water sample from the selected point sources; (2) detect the presence or absence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., and culturable Vibrios in water in selected point sources; (3) describe the incidence of health risks; and (4) correlate the heterotrophic plate count for total coliforms, Most Probable Number for Fecal Coliforms and the number of symptomatic respondents. The results of the study showed that the total coliform count for Point source A (HPC=6000/l00 ml) is higher compared to the standard set by the DENR (5000/100 ml) while Point source B and C are within the range. The concentrations of E. coli, in water samples A, B, and C (2400 MPN/100 ml sample) were found to be higher than the DENR standard for fecal coliforms for Class C Waters - fresh water, (200 MPN/lOOml sample). Although results indicate that the river water has high fecal contamination, there were no significant correlations between heterotrophic plate counts, Most Probable Number for Fecal Coliforms and the number of symptomatic respondents for each point source.