Undergraduate Special Problem
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Item Spatial variations of Benthic meiofauna communities from Palompon Bay, Northern LeyteBalasa, Melvy June (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)Meiofauna play a significant role in maintaining ecological balance in marine ecosystems especially in the dynamics of the seagrass meadows. The meiofauna links the upper trophic level with detritus-feeding organisms. Only few studies have been conducted in the Philippines, while no studies have been. This study was conducted in Palompon, northern Leyte in November 2011, to determine the spatial distribution of meiobenthic fauna in the area and to compare community structure in terms of species composition, species density, and species diversity among five stations included in the survey. Twenty taxa were identified with nematodes being numerically dominant, followed by harpacticoid copepods. It also showed the highest mean abundance for the entire habitat type. The overall mean density was 194585.1528 ind. m2, with the highest population at station 4. And the lowest population was recorded at station 2. Soft bottom habitat showed the highest recorded mean density among the 5 stations, Harpacticoids mostly dominated sandy substrate while nematodes were widely distributed.Item The health status of school-age children in Barangay Ingore, La Paz, Iloilo CityAmamanglon, Keanne Paula H.; Bragancia, Ira May Joy E.; Gulmatico, Gideon M.; Guzman, Virgi Chrisbelle A.; Mercado, Pauline Victoria M.; Orbase, Jannina Faye O.; Reyes, Mary Camille E.; Yap, Maria Lorna Christy C. March (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2011-03)The study is a cross sectional survey to assess the health status of school-age children in barangay Ingore, La Paz, Iloilo City. The health status of the children was evaluated using nutritional status assessment, child care practices of mothers/caretakers and past and present clinical history of disease, and respiratory function. Anthropometry and Clinical Signs were used to directly assess the nutritional status of the children. An Interview Schedule, with mothers/caretakers as respondents was used to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the household to where the children belong and also to obtain information on their child health care practices. Respiratory or Lung Function was assessed using Lung Peak Flow and Chest Expansion. The results of Anthropometry using the parameters for Weight-for-Age (WFA), Weight-for-Height (WFH) and Height-for-Age (HFA) revealed that 16.3% of the school-aged children were underweight; 10.7% were thin or wasted; 24.4% were stunted, and 4.0% were overweight/obese. The most common clinical signs indicative of malnutrition were pale conjunctiva and the occurrence of dental carries. Most of the children have been breastfed and availed of complete immunization during their pre-school age period. Almost half of them experienced childhood diseases like upper respiratory tract infections (e.g. cough, common colds, asthma, etc.). Peak flow analysis showed that among male, school-age children the average peak flow was 210.6L/minute while among female it was 195.7 L/minute. The computed average peak flow was 203.2 L/minute. The average chest expansion of the subjects was 2.4 cm and the chest expansion of male and female school-age children was 2.4 centimetres. The results obtained in this study can be used as a baseline for future studies especially in the light of the recent operation of a coal-fired power plant which might affect the health status of vulnerable age groups like pre-school and school-age childrenItem Antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of selected basidiomycetes from UPV, Miagao, Iloilo PhilippinesAmbubuyog, Marja Victoria U. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-03)The Basidiomycetes represent an enormous source for natural products with diverse chemical structures and wideranging antimicrobial activity. This study was done to investigate the antibacterial property of selected species of basidiomycetes aqueous and methanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Specifically, it aimed to (1) determine the antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of selected species of basidiomycetes in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the zone of inhibition; (2) determine the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of selected species of basidiomycetes in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the zone of inhibition; and (3) compare the aqueous and methanolic extracts of selected species of basidiomycetes in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the zone of inhibition. A total number of ten species were collected namely Auricularia sp., Schizophyllum sp., Trametes pubescens, Trametes versicolor, Trametes elegans, Ganoderma sp.(l), Ganoderma sp.(2), Stereum sp. and two unknowns. Dried samples were crushed and extracted with water and methanol. Antibacterial activity was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results showed a negative to weak inhibition against the test microorganisms which is inconsistent with the results of previous studies. It could possibly be attributed to the preparation of the samples and the fruiting body maturity that influenced the antibacterial potential of the samples. It appears that fruiting bodies used in the present study may not be reliable sources of bioactive compounds for antibacterial activity.Item Growth and nutritional content of red seaweed Gracilaria bailinae (Zhang et. al., 1995) grown under different fertilization schemeAlmojuela, Kristine Marie T. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)The accelerated development of fish aquaculture has caused many environmental problems. The most evident effects resulting from this activity is the increase in organic material, the reduction in dissolved oxygen and the excessive rise in inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous and carbon dioxide. The integration of seaweeds to fed cultured species has long been recognized as promising approach to reduce the excess nutrients released by aquaculture activity. The nitrogen and phosphate uptake kinetics, growth and nutritional content of the seaweed Gracilaria bailinae were studied in a series of outdoor tanks, fertilized with commercial fertilizer (NH4CI, NaNO3, and Na2HPO4) and shrimp culture waste water. The nutritional content of G. bailinae before and after fertilization was also determined through proximate analysis. Results showed a significant removal of dissolved nutrients by G. bailinae, although definite uptake rate could not be determined since the data were erratic and Michaelis-Menten model could not be applied. Seaweeds fertilized with shrimp waste water showed best specific growth rate (1.37±0.2 % d-1) over other fertilization scheme. This suggests that shrimp pond effluents could promote good growth on G. bailinae. Local G. bailinae had high protein content per se (14%) but became more enhanced when fertilized with commercial or shrimp waste water (23-32%). In contrast, its carbohydrate content dropped when heavily fertilized from 39% to 19%.Item Species composition, distribution and abundance of trees on a 4-hectare site adjacent to the football field Area of UPV Miag-ao, IloiloAlpuerto, Elise Raymond C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)A four-hectare plot adjacent to the Football Field of UPV Miagao was chosen as the study area. The local name and scientific name of each tree in the plot were identified. GBH and height of trees were noted. Basal Area, Index of Dominance, Index of Diversity and Frequency were also noted. In addition, the distribution of trees in relation with soil and air temperature and relative humidity were also noted. Eight hundred fifty-eight trees were identified inside the 4 hectare plot. The trees were identified excluding seedlings of these trees. Twenty species of trees were identified in the sampling site. The top 5 most numerous species are Acacia, “Aratiles", “Mangga", “Kawayan” and “Gmelina”. The computed value of Index of Dominance is higher compared to the Index of Diversity, indicating that the area is not diverse and that certain species dominates the area. The distribution of trees is affected by the temperature ranging from 19.2 C to 39C.Item Utilization of cow manure in microbial fuel cellsAlcanzo, Jan Hilary A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)Resource recycling and the proper treatment of animal waste to reduce its environmental impact are currently important issues for the livestock industry. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) offers the possibility of harvesting electricity from fuel sources that are generally microbially degradable organic matter. The generation of electricity from cow manure in different treatments was investigated. A two-chambered MFC was constructed from accessible and inexpensive materials. Data were recorded and collected every day for 35 days. The MFC with the 20% cow manure with rice stalk yielded the highest power output of 32.028 mW/m³ and the highest current density of 69.022 mA/cm2. The addition of another substrate, and therefore, another fuel source for the bacteria, added to the electricity produced by the cow manure alone. Results of the study show that it is possible to use MFCs to generate electricity from cow manure. Further studies are needed to realize the full potential of cow manure as a fuel source for MFCs as well as to lessen its contribution to the wastes in the environment.Item Species composition , abundance and distribution of trees ina 4.3-hectare plot adjacent to the Mat-y gate of the University of the Philippines Visayas Main Campus,Miagao, IloiloAlaban, Annaveve Rose M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2013-04)A 4.3-hectare plot across the UPV tennis court extending to the Mat-y gate of the campus was the area of study. The local names of each tree were identified. The girth- at-breast-height (GBH) and approximate height of trees were also recorded. From the data gathered, the Basal Area, Index of Dominance and Index of Diversity were computed. One thousand one hundred forty-five trees were found in the 4.3-hectare plot comprised of fifteen species of trees commonly known as “Eucalyptus”, “Acacia”, “Kamonsil”, “Narra”, “Mahogany”, “Talisay”, “Payhod”, “Agho”, “Apyan”, “Gmelina”, “Ipil-ipil”, “Bugto-tae”, “Indian Tree”, “Lamnog” and “Tabong”. The value of the Index of Dominance is higher compared to the value of the Index of Diversity, which means that a species is exerting greater influence compared to other species. Eucalyptus is the most dominant tree species in the area of study which is 75.63% of the whole population. The distribution of trees in the 4.3-hectare plot is not random and is mainly influenced by human intervention since it is a secondary forest.