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Undergraduate Special Problem

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/30

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2012 - 20175

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Adviser: search.filters.advisor.Nievales, Marie Frances J.

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    Growth and nutritional content of red seaweed Gracilaria bailinae (Zhang et. al., 1995) grown under different fertilization scheme
    Almojuela, Kristine Marie T. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-04)
    The accelerated development of fish aquaculture has caused many environmental problems. The most evident effects resulting from this activity is the increase in organic material, the reduction in dissolved oxygen and the excessive rise in inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous and carbon dioxide. The integration of seaweeds to fed cultured species has long been recognized as promising approach to reduce the excess nutrients released by aquaculture activity. The nitrogen and phosphate uptake kinetics, growth and nutritional content of the seaweed Gracilaria bailinae were studied in a series of outdoor tanks, fertilized with commercial fertilizer (NH4CI, NaNO3, and Na2HPO4) and shrimp culture waste water. The nutritional content of G. bailinae before and after fertilization was also determined through proximate analysis. Results showed a significant removal of dissolved nutrients by G. bailinae, although definite uptake rate could not be determined since the data were erratic and Michaelis-Menten model could not be applied. Seaweeds fertilized with shrimp waste water showed best specific growth rate (1.37±0.2 % d-1) over other fertilization scheme. This suggests that shrimp pond effluents could promote good growth on G. bailinae. Local G. bailinae had high protein content per se (14%) but became more enhanced when fertilized with commercial or shrimp waste water (23-32%). In contrast, its carbohydrate content dropped when heavily fertilized from 39% to 19%.
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    Echinoid and Ophiuroid species in Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMR), Guimaras
    Almira, Eugenie Marie A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)
    Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMR) in Guimaras is one of the Philippines’ marine protected sites established to ensure continuity and productivity of marine organisms such as echinoderms. The study aims to determine the community structure of echinoid and ophiuroid species in selected shallow coastal sites around Taklong Island within TINMR. Sampling was done twice (June 2014 and Jan 2015) using belt transect method for echinoid species in three selected sites and random quadrat method for ophiuroid species in two sites. A total of twelve (12) echinoid and six (6) ophiuroid species were recorded. The most numerous echinoid and ophiuroid were Echinotrix calamaris and Ophiocoma erinaceus, respectively. The diversity of echinoids (H’= 0.37-0.95) and ophiuroids (H’= 0.53-1.40) in Taklong Island was relatively low. Presence and abundances of many echinoids and ophiuroids in a site varied with sampling time. Variation may be due to differences in substrate characteristics such as sea grass cover and coral cover as well as environmental factors.
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    Effects of pH and salinity on growth and survival of juvenile sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1833)
    Abagat, Christian M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-03)
    Sea cucumber aquaculture could provide a solution to both enhance declining wild sea cucumber populations through restocking and provide sufficient beche-de-mer product to satisfy the increasing Asian market demand. The growth and survival of hatchery-reared Holothuria scabra juveniles at different pH-salinity levels were investigated. Juveniles were exposed for 14 days in six pH-salinity levels: Trt 1 (pH 6.5 — 6.7, 26-28 %o), Trt 2 (pH 6.5 - 6.7, normal salinity), Trt 3 (pH 7.0 - 7.2, 26-28 %o), Trt 4 (pH 7.0 — 7.2, normal salinity), Trt 5 (normal pH, 26-28 %o) and Trt 6 (normal pH, normal salinity) as the control. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with repeated measurements revealed that pH and salinity had a significant effect on growth (length, width, and weight) and survival of H. scabra juveniles. Slight seawater desalination combined with high acidification (pH: 6.5-6.7) had lethal effects on H. scabra juveniles. While H. scabra juveniles could be reared in seawater with pH ≥ 7.0- 7.2 and salinity ≥ 26-28 %o, ambient seawater conditions remained the most suitable in rearing H. scabra juveniles for optimum growth and survival.
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    Behavior pattern of hatchery-produced sea cucumber Bohadschia marmorata (Jaeger, 1833) juveniles upon release
    Arcenas, Jascha S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)
    This study reports on the behavior of hatchery-reared Bohadschia marmorata juveniles upon release in two different microhabitat types within TINMR: a bare sand patch (TALISAY) and a seagrass vegetated area (BANAGO) during high tide and low tide. Percentage of burrowed juveniles, burying rates, traveled distances, speeds, and direction of movement were determined hourly over a 3-hr period. Results show that more than half of the juveniles released at the vegetated microhabitat displayed burrowing behavior at both tidal conditions. The mean percentage of burrowed individuals differed significantly with tides and their interaction with the microhabitat. Juveniles released at barren microhabitats yielded the highest burying rates (9 animals hr-1) and percentage of burrowed individuals. Coarse sand substrates with poor organic matter content induced mobility of Bohadschia marmorata. Results from the release experiments suggest that seagrass beds may be a potential release site for tropical species like Bohadschia marmorata.
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    Influence of sediments of varying grain size composition on growth, survival and burrowing activity of the Ball Sea cucumber, Phyllophorus proteus (Bell,1884) juveniles
    Amuenda, Jazriel Ann A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)
    Phyllophorus proteus is a high-value sea cucumber species in Philippines but is also one of the most exploited. Hatchery-produced juveniles are used for stock enhancement as a means of restoring depleted population however biology of P. proteus have not yet been studied on. Burrowing incidence of ball sea cucumber P. proteus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) juveniles (4-5 length x ≤1mm width), growth, survival and their associated daily behaviour were compared in 3 different substrate collected from Sagay, Negros Occ. (A-mostly coarse), Panobolon, Guimaras (B-intermediate) and Carles, Iloilo (C-mostly fine). This was to establish the most suitable type of substrate to use in the culture system for this high-value sea cucumber. The highest incidence of burrowing was observed in sediment profile C but the difference in the mean number of burrowing individuals between treatments was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). After 4 weeks, growth of P. proteus juveniles was significantly higher (p<0.05) when reared on profile C (growth rate: 0.79±.13mm %d-l) than either profile B (p=0.009) (0.34±0.14 mm %d-1) or profile A (p=0.030) (0.21±0.11mm %d-1). Survival is highest in profile B (S=100%), intermediate in profile C and lowest in profile A although the difference is insignificant (p>0.05) Very fine-fine-grained sediments is the most preferred by ball sea cucumber juveniles while coarse sand seems to be unsuitable.