Inhibition of bacterial Biofilm formation by selected wild Macrofungi from Miagao, Iloilo

Abstract

Biofilms are complex bacterial communities with high-stress tolerance and antimicrobial resistance, posing a global health concern. Mushrooms are known for their bioactive compounds, including antimicrobial properties, and may offer a solution for inhibiting biofilm formation. This study investigates the biofilm inhibition activity of wild macrofungi collected in Miagao, Iloilo. Five basidiomycetous macrofungi—Panaeolus sp., Chlorophyllum hortense, Lentinus concavus, Hexagonia hydnoides, and Daedalea sp.—were characterized. Bacterial strains were treated with equal concentrations of ethanolic mycelial extracts from the macrofungi samples and evaluated for adherence and inhibition percentage using a microtiter plate assay at 37°C for 72 hours. The results showed strong inhibition (>50%) of all macrofungi extracts against S. aureus. Hexagonia hydnoides exhibited the highest inhibition against both S. aureus (84.3%) and E. coli (14.1%). Chlorophyllum hortense, Lentinus concavus, Daedalea sp., and Panaeolus sp. demonstrated 83.7%, 82.4%, 81.25%, and 80% inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation, respectively. However, the inhibition observed with all extracts against E. coli was not statistically significant (all <15%). The significant findings, particularly in inhibiting S. aureus biofilm production, indicate the presence of biological activity in the tested macrofungal extracts. These findings suggest their potential usefulness in the search for antibiofilm treatments