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    Heat-induced changes in blends of skimmed buffalo and bovine milk
    Mejares, Carolyn T.; Huppertz, Thom; Chandrapala, Jayani (Elsevier, 2023)
    This study investigated the physical, chemical, and structural changes in mixtures of buffalo and bovine milk (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0) induced by heating at 80, 85, 90, and 95 °C for 5 min. No significant changes in particle size, zeta potential, and calcium activity were observed in heated buffalo milk and its mixtures with bovine milk, irrespective of the heating temperature, but heating at ≥ 85 °C induced a significant decrease in pH. The increase in viscosity with heating was dependent on the ratio of buffalo to bovine milk and the heating temperature. The variation in casein dissociation, whey proteins denaturation and their association with themselves and casein micelles, and the alteration in salt balance were key factors that contribute to significant heat-induced changes in pH and viscosity of milk blends. © 2023 The Author(s)
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    Effect of calcium-sequestering salts and heat treatment on the rheological and textural properties of acid gels from blends of skimmed buffalo and bovine milk
    Mejares, Carolyn T.; Huppertz, Thom; Chandrapala, Jayani (Elsevier, 2024)
    The influence of adding 5 mM trisodium citrate (TSC) or disodium hydrogen phosphate (DSHP) and heat treatment (85 °C or 95 °C for 5 min) on the acid gelation properties of blends of skim buffalo and bovine milk (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0) was investigated. Significant increases in gelation pH, final G′ values, firmness, and water-holding capacity of gels were observed with increasing proportion of buffalo skim milk and with higher heating temperature. Differences in gel firmness were linked to gel microstructure, where milk blends containing higher proportion of buffalo skim milk formed gels with denser protein network clusters. The addition of TSC or DSHP reduced the gelation pH, final G′ values and gel firmness, but increased gel water-holding capacity. These results provide a better understanding of acid gelation of buffalo and bovine milk blends which will subsequently promote the potential of using milk mixtures in modulating the gel texture.
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    Effects of Vinegars and Sodium Acetate on the Growth Performance of Pacific White Shrimp, Penaeus vannamei
    Jamis, Jhumar O.; Tumbokon, Barry Leonard M.; Caigoy, Jant Cres C.; Bunda, Marj Gem B.; Serrano, Augusto E. (Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 2018)
    Vinegars and their salts have the potential to act as growth promoters and prophylactics against bacterial pathogens. This study aims to evaluate the effects of various vinegars and sodium acetate on the growth performance of white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Groups of shrimps were fed diets containing 2% of either apple cider vinegar (ACV), coconut sap vinegar (CSV), sugar cane vinegar (CaV), or sodium acetate, and a diet with no vinegar (i.e. a control diet). Total acidity data of the diet showed that only the sodium acetate diet resulted in the highest total acidity after 60 min immersion in salt water (20 ppt). Attractability tests using customized repartitioned aquaria showed that the CSV diet attracted the highest significant percentage of shrimps after 10 min of feed placement in the feeding chamber. In the feeding trial that lasted for 60 days, results showed that the ACV and CSV groups of shrimps consumed significantly more feed than the other groups. All vinegar groups exhibited significantly higher final average body weight, weight gain, and specific growth, rate than either the control or sodium acetate group. The CSV group exhibited the significantly best feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio. Survival was statistically similar among all groups. Conclusion: the CSV group exhibited the significantly best growth performance and efficiency while both the control and sodium acetate groups exhibited the poorest. © 2018, Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh. All rights reserved.
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    Lactational changes in Filipino human milk oligosaccharides reveal maternal secretor status
    Albaladejo, Anthony Salvador B.; Nacario, Ruel C.; Navarro, Baby Richard R.; Lebrilla, Carlito B.; Completo, Gladys C. (Wiley, 2023)
    Background: Breast milk contains human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are the third most abundant solid component and are considered indigestible with no nutritional value to infants. However, HMOs provide protection against pathogens, support gut bacteria, and aid in brain development. This study investigated the relationship between HMOs and secretor status and tracked changes in HMO levels throughout lactation. The study employed a rapid-throughput extraction method, nano-HPLC Chip/TOF-MS analysis, and an annotated HMO structure library for oligosaccharide analysis. Results: Results from the study revealed that 81% of Filipino mothers (N = 155) are secretors, while 19% are non-secretors. The total HMO abundance significantly decreased (p = 0.0001) throughout lactation but was significantly (p = 0.0390) higher in colostrum compared with mature milk. The total fucosylated HMOs had a significantly (p = 0.0460) lower absolute abundance, while the total sialylated HMOs showed a significantly (p = 0.0012) higher abundance in colostrum relative to mature milk. Non-fucosylated neutral HMOs showed no significant (p = 0.1040) difference in abundance between colostrum and mature milk. Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive data on the maternal secretor status of Filipino mothers, showing the decrease in total HMO abundance throughout lactation and differences in the abundances of various oligosaccharide types between colostrum and mature milk.
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    Seafarers’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: An examination of current supportive measures and their perceived effectiveness
    Tang, Lijun; Abila, Sanley; Kitada, Momoko; Malecosio, Serafin; Montes, Karima Krista (Elsevier, 2022)
    As the current COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting crew change crisis exacerbates the mental health problem faced by seafarers, various maritime stakeholders have mobilised their resources and strengths to provide a variety of supportive measures to address the issue. This paper aims to find out what measures have been adopted in the industry and how widely they have been experienced/received by seafarers and evaluate their effectiveness. To achieve this aim, this research employed a mixed methods design involving qualitative interviews with 26 stakeholders and a quantitative questionnaire survey of 817 seafarers. The research identified a total number of 22 mental health support measures, all of which were perceived to have contributed positively to seafarers’ mental health. However, not all of them were widely available to or utilised by seafarers. The findings also highlighted the importance of family, colleagues, shipping companies, and government agencies, as they are associated with the most effective support measures, namely communication with family, timely crew changes, being prioritised for vaccination, being vaccinated, and a positive and collegial atmosphere on-board. Based on the findings, recommendations are provided.
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    Stock market returns and climate risk in the U.S.
    Chen, Yiyang; Mamon, Rogemar; Spagnolo, Fabio; Spagnolo, Nicola (Elsevier, 2025)
    Using a data set for all companies forming the S&P 500 index, we investigate the stock price responses to acute physical risks, chronic physical risks, and transition risks. Our findings reveal that certain sectors are more vulnerable to climate risks, whereas others appear to be relatively unaffected. In addition, our results show that listed firms with poor environmental performance scores are more exposed to climate risk, as indicated by their stock returns being negatively affected, compared to firms with higher environmental performance scores. This suggests that improving environmental performance may help companies to better cope with climate risks and improve their financial performances. Our analysis provides evidence that the short-term systematic risk is more vulnerable to the climate risk events, whereas effects on long-term systematic risk do not appear to be statistically significant. These findings indicate that investors and firms should pay a particular attention to short-term systematic risk when considering the potential impact of climate risk on stock market performances.
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    Algal organic matter fluorescence analysis of Chlorella sp. for biomass estimation
    Cadondon, Jumar; Lesidan, James Roy; bulan, jejomar; Vallar, Edgar; Shiina, Tatsuo; Galvez, Maria Cecilia (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-11-15)
    Algal Organic Matter (AOM) is derived from the dissolved organic matter composition of the algal species being observed. In this study, excitation–emission fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine Chlorella sp.’s AOM and pigment characteristics in varying algal biomass concentrations. The AOM and pigment characteristics were observed at 400–600 nm and 600–800 nm fluorescence emission, respectively, with an excitation spectrum of 300–450 nm. F450/680 was computed based on the ratio between the dissolved organic matter contribution at 450 nm and chlorophyll-a at 680 nm. F450/680 positively correlated with algal biomass (r = 0.96) at an excitation wavelength of 405 nm. This study is a good reference for those interested in algal biomass estimation and production in natural waters.
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    Coral reefs and small pelagic fisheries: Livelihood and governance interactions in Southern Luzon, Philippines
    Novilla, Carmela Therese T.; Fabinyi, Michael (Springer, 2025-04-02)
    Coral reef fisheries and small pelagic fisheries make different contributions to livelihoods, food and nutrition security, which have informed academic and policy debate about their respective needs for governance. However, few studies have explicitly examined how governance of these different fisheries interacts at a local level, or how they interact with wider social-economic contexts and processes. This study examines a small pelagic fishery in the Philippines, focusing on the varied interactions between this fishery and coral reefs. Drawing on household surveys, focus group discussions and interviews, we demonstrate the significant economic and social contributions made by the small pelagic fishery and describe a series of governance interventions aimed at protecting coral reefs and regulating small pelagics. We highlight some of the emerging governance risks that undermine legitimacy and social acceptance for the management of both small pelagic and coral reef resources. We argue that planning for successful management of fisheries needs to be highly cognizant of the complexity of livelihoods, to equity issues in sharing the benefits and burdens of conservation, and to tourism-fishery interactions.