Undergraduate Special Problem
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/30
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Item Effects of pH and salinity on growth and survival of juvenile sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1833)Abagat, Christian M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-03)Sea cucumber aquaculture could provide a solution to both enhance declining wild sea cucumber populations through restocking and provide sufficient beche-de-mer product to satisfy the increasing Asian market demand. The growth and survival of hatchery-reared Holothuria scabra juveniles at different pH-salinity levels were investigated. Juveniles were exposed for 14 days in six pH-salinity levels: Trt 1 (pH 6.5 — 6.7, 26-28 %o), Trt 2 (pH 6.5 - 6.7, normal salinity), Trt 3 (pH 7.0 - 7.2, 26-28 %o), Trt 4 (pH 7.0 — 7.2, normal salinity), Trt 5 (normal pH, 26-28 %o) and Trt 6 (normal pH, normal salinity) as the control. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with repeated measurements revealed that pH and salinity had a significant effect on growth (length, width, and weight) and survival of H. scabra juveniles. Slight seawater desalination combined with high acidification (pH: 6.5-6.7) had lethal effects on H. scabra juveniles. While H. scabra juveniles could be reared in seawater with pH ≥ 7.0- 7.2 and salinity ≥ 26-28 %o, ambient seawater conditions remained the most suitable in rearing H. scabra juveniles for optimum growth and survival.Item Effects of crude methanolic extract of purple nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) on the maturation of golfish oocytesAcebuque, Florel May C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2014-04)Cyperus rotundus L. is a pernicious weed, which is traditionally used for different medical purposes and is locally recommended for antifertility purposes. A number of pharmacologically important constituents have been previously isolated from the plant. This study aims to test the effects of the crude methanolic extract of C. rotundus L. on the maturation of goldfish oocytes. The extract is found to induce 100% maturation at 5 mg/mL concentration. However, it becomes toxic at higher concentration. All goldfish oocytes (100% ) has died at 20 mg/mL concentration. The steroids and flavonoids present in the plant may be responsible for inducing goldfish oocyte maturation, whereas the alkaloids may be toxic to the oocytes. Further studies using mammalian systems in vivo and characterization of individual constituents are recommended.Item Behavior pattern of hatchery-produced sea cucumber Bohadschia marmorata (Jaeger, 1833) juveniles upon releaseArcenas, Jascha S. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)This study reports on the behavior of hatchery-reared Bohadschia marmorata juveniles upon release in two different microhabitat types within TINMR: a bare sand patch (TALISAY) and a seagrass vegetated area (BANAGO) during high tide and low tide. Percentage of burrowed juveniles, burying rates, traveled distances, speeds, and direction of movement were determined hourly over a 3-hr period. Results show that more than half of the juveniles released at the vegetated microhabitat displayed burrowing behavior at both tidal conditions. The mean percentage of burrowed individuals differed significantly with tides and their interaction with the microhabitat. Juveniles released at barren microhabitats yielded the highest burying rates (9 animals hr-1) and percentage of burrowed individuals. Coarse sand substrates with poor organic matter content induced mobility of Bohadschia marmorata. Results from the release experiments suggest that seagrass beds may be a potential release site for tropical species like Bohadschia marmorata.Item Project bakunanays: Bakuna ng kabataan ugaliin nang anak ay 'di sakitinAcebuque, Jason Clement S.; Cuachon, Anna Nicole O.; Deala, Cari Laurence L.; Esmenos, Arian Claudine F.; Galupo, Bealou Patrishe D.; Jubelag, Carmelli S.; Legayada, Precious Jemimah D.; Namuag, Maulene Mae J.; Palmon, Gladys A.; Salvador, June Luis C.; Sampani, Gian Justin P.; Tolentino, Jimel V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Based on the 2016 accomplishment report of the Iloilo Provincial Health Office (PHO) for School-Based Immunization (SBI), the municipality of Pavia performed 50.9% and 84.4% for Measles-Rubella (MR) and Tetanus-diphtheria (Td), respectively. After reviewing the health record of the Municipal Health Office of Pavia, it was found that Ungka II Elementary School had the least compliance. This project aimed to reduce the high refusal rate in MR and Td vaccines from 32.0% to 0- 10.0% among children in the barangay by the end of the field practice. To attain the goal of the project, the following strategic components were implemented: formation of a core group called ImmuniTeam, age-appropriate health education through Wastong BakUNAWA sessions, and promotive and up-to-date immunization campaigns. In addition, a mobile ImmuniStation was constructed and ImmuniStar charts were utilized during the BAKULILITS sessions with the children. The results of the pre-test showed that the mean percentage scores of the children before the intervention was 65% and after the intervention, post-test scores significantly increased to 82% mean score of the children (p value<0.05; 95% confidence level). The knowledge component of the pre-test and post-test for the parents or guardians resulted in a statistically significant 20% increase, resulting to 84% average mean score from the 64% prior to intervention (p value<0.05; 95% confidence level). The attitudes of the respondents registered a 6% increase, which is not statistically significant, resulting to a change in the mean percentage score from 70% to 76% (p value>0.05; 95% confidence level). The practices of the parents also showed a relative improvement from the pre-test results. Lastly, there was 100% compliance for the upcoming SBI at the end of the project implementation, as indicated in their consent forms. The team, therefore, effectively reduced the refusal rate for both MR and Td vaccines from 32% to 0%.Item Assesment on the competencies of barangay health workers in relation to their sociodemographic characteristicsArbado, Pearl Joy C.; Laurente, Inna Grace R.; Loberiza, Lamont Joseph S.; Militar, Anna Raisa G.; Quidato, Jun Pretzel E.; Ong, Meghan Y.; Salada, Anna Patriz F.; Salcedo, Yehonathan Joseph V. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2019-06)In the Philippines, where the basic political unit is the Barangay, CHWs are known locally as Barangay Health Workers (BHWs), and they play a vital role in the delivery of health services throughout the country. These are people that have undergone training programs under any accredited government and non-government organizations and who render primary health care services in the community after having been accredited to function. Their roles are subdivided as community organizers, health educators, and health care service providers. This study aims to determine the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics to the competence of BHWs in the First Congressional District of Iloilo. A competence assessment tool was then used to perform a guided interview of the midwives to evaluate the performance of 177 BHWs. Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact Test were used to test the relation between variables. Out of the seven municipalities, only Igbaras was lowly competent with an average weighted mean of 3.85. Findings revealed that age (p-value=0.137), educational attainment (p-value=0.302), and length of experience (p-value=0.336)), had no significant relationship with the overall competence of BHWs as well as with the level of competence. Income, however, revealed to be statistically significant given the p-value of 0.020. BHWs with an income of 3000PHP and below is 3.4 (95% CI: 0.097 to 0.874) times more likely to be lowly competent.Item Infant feeding and oral health of children ages 2-5 years in Guimbal, Iloilo: A cross-sectional studyAcma, Kathleen Ann; Adolfo, Estee Joy; Bautista, Ezekiel Therese; Calimot, Andro Dominic; Dinopol, Christine Alexis; Gasataya, Charisse Ann; Ingles, John Wibelle; Legaspi, Marianne; Linas, Pearl Joy; Lunar, Lanilyn Marie; Moises, Rochelle Anne; Yunque, Vanessa Aura (Division of Bilogical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2015-06)Some studies reported that the breastfeeding and its duration is a protective factor for dental caries in early childhood while some other studies report that it is a risk factor and yet other studies report no association. Similarly, previous studies on the association of the type of infant feeding practices and dental caries in early childhood have produced contradicting results. This community-based comparative cross-sectional study aimed to determine the association between (1) infant feeding practices of three types: exclusive breastfeeding mixed feeding and exclusive bottle feeding and (2) duration of breastfeeding and dental caries among children ages 2-5 years in Guimbal, Iloilo. This study was conducted among randomly selected 188 children ages 2-5 year in Guimbal, Iloilo, all of whom have complete secondary data on dental caries obtained from the Municipal Health Office. Dental caries was considered present if at least one tooth is decayed, missing because of caries or filled based on the criteria of American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Primary data on type of infant feeding practices and duration of breastfeeding was collected through an interview schedule using pre-tested questionnaire on the mothers of the subjects. Then, statistical analysis was carried out, controlling biological factors namely sex, parity, maternal age at delivery and socioeconomic factors namely family income, maternal educational attainment and family smoking status as confounders while controlling use of fluoride toothpaste and day time as outcome modifiers. Using logistic regression, it was found out that there is no significant association between the type of infant feeding practices and dental caries (OR= 0.601; CI= 0.250-1.1442). Similarly, there is also no significant association between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and dental caries (OR= 0.483, CI= 0.162- 1.442) and no significant association between the duration of breastfeeding regardless of exclusivity and dental caries (<6 months: OR= 1.332, CI= 0.212-8.378; 7-12 months: OR=0.946, CI= 0.126- 7.092, 13-18 months: OR=1.725, CI=0.187-15.959; >18 months OR=1.725; CI= 0.278- 10.695). Furthermore, data gathered on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of mothers indicated low levels of knowledge regarding the advantages of breastfeeding and little to no focus on oral care outside of brushing among the mothers interviewed. Thus, the preventive approach of educating parents or primary caregivers of children about dental caries should be encouraged.Item Assessment of damage to mangroves in Taklong Island National Marine Reserve, Guimaras, Philippines: 10 years after the 2006 oil spillAmistas, Jhon Robert (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)Approximately 2 million liters of bunker C was spilled by M/T Solar I off the coast of southern Guimaras on August 11, 2006. This is the worst oil spill in the country to date that affected the mangroves within Taklong Island National Marine Reserve, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. Rapid assessment of impacts on the mangroves was done one month after the spill and long-term monitoring was done from 2007-2014. This study was conducted to determine the mangrove status 10 years after the spill in terms of community structure. Specifically, it determined a) species composition, b) stand basal area, c) stand height, d) relative density, e) relative dominance, e) relative frequency, f) importance value, g) index of diversity, h) species evenness, i) density of seedling, saplings, and trees. In addition, leaf area was also determined as an indicator of the health conditions of the species present. The same five stations in earlier studies were used, namely Bagaman, Pototan, Taklong Island (oiled), Tandog and Taklong Island (unoiled), Nueva Valencia, and Guimaras. Results showed that the community structure showed an improvement, especially in stand, basal area, wilding, and tree density while no change in terms of species diversity due to the absence of new species. The leaf areas of mangroves in Bagatnan indicated some signs of stress but showed an improvement since 2006. In general, the oil-affected mangroves in TINMR have shown signs of recovery. However, it is recommended that additional monitoring activities be conducted.Item Influence of sediments of varying grain size composition on growth, survival and burrowing activity of the Ball Sea cucumber, Phyllophorus proteus (Bell,1884) juvenilesAmuenda, Jazriel Ann A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)Phyllophorus proteus is a high-value sea cucumber species in Philippines but is also one of the most exploited. Hatchery-produced juveniles are used for stock enhancement as a means of restoring depleted population however biology of P. proteus have not yet been studied on. Burrowing incidence of ball sea cucumber P. proteus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) juveniles (4-5 length x 0.05). After 4 weeks, growth of P. proteus juveniles was significantly higher (/?<0.05) when reared on profile C (growth rate: 0.79±.13mm %d-l) than either profile B (p=0.009) (0.34±0.14 mm %d-l) or profile A (p=0.030) (0.21±0.11mm %d-l). Survival is highest in profile B (S=100%), intermediate in profile C and lowest in profile A although the difference is insignificant (p>0.05) Very fine-fine-grained sediments is the most preferred by ball sea cucumber juveniles while coarse sand seems to be unsuitable.Item Inhibition of bacterial Biofilm formation by selected wild Macrofungi from Miagao, IloiloAnacita, Beatrice L. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2023-07)Biofilms are complex bacterial communities with high-stress tolerance and antimicrobial resistance, posing a global health concern. Mushrooms are known for their bioactive compounds, including antimicrobial properties, and may offer a solution for inhibiting biofilm formation. This study investigates the biofilm inhibition activity of wild macrofungi collected in Miagao, Iloilo. Five basidiomycetous macrofungi—Panaeolus sp., Chlorophyllum hortense, Lentinus concavus, Hexagonia hydnoides, and Daedalea sp.—were characterized. Bacterial strains were treated with equal concentrations of ethanolic mycelial extracts from the macrofungi samples and evaluated for adherence and inhibition percentage using a microtiter plate assay at 37°C for 72 hours. The results showed strong inhibition (>50%) of all macrofungi extracts against S. aureus. Hexagonia hydnoides exhibited the highest inhibition against both S. aureus (84.3%) and E. coli (14.1%). Chlorophyllum hortense, Lentinus concavus, Daedalea sp., and Panaeolus sp. demonstrated 83.7%, 82.4%, 81.25%, and 80% inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation, respectively. However, the inhibition observed with all extracts against E. coli was not statistically significant (all <15%). The significant findings, particularly in inhibiting S. aureus biofilm production, indicate the presence of biological activity in the tested macrofungal extracts. These findings suggest their potential usefulness in the search for antibiofilm treatments