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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14583/30

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    Community structure of holothuroids in selected seagrass beds in Taklong Island National Marine Reserve, Guimaras, Philippines
    Calaguing, Aldwyn C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2018-06)
    Sea cucumbers are beneficial to mankind commercially as food and medicinal commodity. Overexploitation and illegal catch of these organisms even within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) caused stock depleting and even local extinction of some populations in the country. Monitoring and regular assessment of their population is a must for their proper management and protection. This study investigated the status of holothuroid community within 4 selected seagrass meadows in Taklong Island National Marine Reserve (TINMR), Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. Holothuroid composition and estimates of density, frequency and distribution were determined through plot method. Species identification was based on gross morphology and spicule analysis. There were 40 individuals collected identified as 5 species, namely, Holothuria atra (n = 18), Holothuria pulla (n = 1), Holothuria scabra (n = 5), Bohadschia vitiensis (n = 2) and Synapta maculata (n = 13). The first 4 belonged to Order Aspidochirotida and the last belonged to Order Apodida. Their distribution and community structure in TINMR are likely influenced by the physical and chemical environment, seagrass community poaching, and cryptic behavior.
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    Oxygen requirement of Sea Cucumber (Bohadschia marmorata)
    Cahuya, Jezyl Leigh D. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2017-06)
    The oxygen consumption of juvenile sea cucumber Bohadschia marmorata was studied in the laboratory. The effects of temperature and body weight on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were determined by measuring the dissolved oxygen levels using closed bottle respiratory method. Mean weight specific OCR of B. marmorata juveniles was low (9±4 pgO2h-1g-1). The OCR decreased with time from 16.9±9.1 to 6.09±3.86 ugO2h-1g-1 rapidly declining in the first two hours then, more gradually thereafter (R2=-0.92). Factors such as temperature and size affect OCR. Oxygen consumption rate tends to increase with increasing temperature. Bigger animals have low OCR levels than smaller ones (R2=0.32).
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    Survival and growth of juvenile sea cucumber Holothuria scabra Jaeger (1833) in shrimp pond sediment
    Briones, Jill D. (2012-03)
    Many high valued sea cucumbers e.g. Holothuria scabra are detritivores and thrive on organic matter and thus are potential bioremediating agents in eutrophic systems e.g. aquaculture ponds. Sea cucumbers cultured in shrimp ponds would act as natural bioremediators and lessen the organic matter content of the sediments hence make the pond environment more favorable for shrimp culture. This study looks at the feasibility of growing sea cucumbers in pond sediments for their bioremediating role and for their economic value. In this study, growth and survival of hatchery-produced H.scabra juveniles in Bare substrate (Treatment 1), Sand from natural habitat (Treatment 2) and Shrimp Pond sediment (Treatment 3) were compared after 5 weeks of culture. This study demonstrates that it is feasible to grow H. scabra juveniles in shrimp pond sediments without compromising their survival (p > 0.05). Results showed that those reared in Pond sediment grew best and significantly better compared to the other treatments (ANOVA, p<0.05). Juveniles grown in Pond sediment increased from mean weight of 3g to 14g while in the other treatments they just grew from mean of 2.7g to 8.7g. The consistently higher organic matter in Pond sediment could have contributed to better growth of sea cucumbers relative to other treatments. The bioremediating role of sea cucumbers was indicated by significant reduction in organic matter content in pond sediment by Week 5.
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    Survival and growth of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Jaeger) juveniles reared at different diets
    Baylon, Basil C. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2009-03)
    Sea cucumbers are economically important species, with high demand in local and international markets. Overharvesting due to this high demand causes depletion of wild populations of sea cucumbers. Stock enhancement has been resorted to improve the status of natural populations. This will need the development of rearing technology which includes studies on the effects of different diets on sea cucumber juveniles. In this study, the effects of five diets on growth and survival of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra juveniles were compared. The five treatments used were benthic diatoms (Navicula sp.) alone, combination of benthic diatoms and seaweed (Sargassum sp.) extract, seagrass extract alone, combination of benthic diatoms and seagrass (Thalassia sp.) extract, and commercial shrimp feed. Three replicates were used for each treatment. For every replicate. 10 juveniles with body length 1-2 mm were reared in a 3-L culture container with seawater and no sand substrate. Salinity ranged from 32-35 ppt and the temperature from 26-29°C. It was observed that there was a trend of increasing body weight, body length, and body width of juveniles as weeks of culture progressed. After 7 weeks of culture, best weight gain, increase in body length and body width was achieved in juveniles fed with either benthic diatoms alone or combination diet of benthic diatoms and seaweed extract. There was high survival in all feeding treatments except in H. scabra juveniles fed with commercial shrimp feed. The lowest body weight, length and width and lowest survival were consistently obtained from juveniles given commercial shrimp feed.
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    Effects of pH and salinity on growth and survival of juvenile sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1833)
    Abagat, Christian M. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2012-03)
    Sea cucumber aquaculture could provide a solution to both enhance declining wild sea cucumber populations through restocking and provide sufficient beche-de-mer product to satisfy the increasing Asian market demand. The growth and survival of hatchery-reared Holothuria scabra juveniles at different pH-salinity levels were investigated. Juveniles were exposed for 14 days in six pH-salinity levels: Trt 1 (pH 6.5 — 6.7, 26-28 %o), Trt 2 (pH 6.5 - 6.7, normal salinity), Trt 3 (pH 7.0 - 7.2, 26-28 %o), Trt 4 (pH 7.0 — 7.2, normal salinity), Trt 5 (normal pH, 26-28 %o) and Trt 6 (normal pH, normal salinity) as the control. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with repeated measurements revealed that pH and salinity had a significant effect on growth (length, width, and weight) and survival of H. scabra juveniles. Slight seawater desalination combined with high acidification (pH: 6.5-6.7) had lethal effects on H. scabra juveniles. While H. scabra juveniles could be reared in seawater with pH ≥ 7.0- 7.2 and salinity ≥ 26-28 %o, ambient seawater conditions remained the most suitable in rearing H. scabra juveniles for optimum growth and survival.
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    Influence of sediments of varying grain size composition on growth, survival and burrowing activity of the Ball Sea cucumber, Phyllophorus proteus (Bell,1884) juveniles
    Amuenda, Jazriel Ann A. (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 2016-05)
    Phyllophorus proteus is a high-value sea cucumber species in Philippines but is also one of the most exploited. Hatchery-produced juveniles are used for stock enhancement as a means of restoring depleted population however biology of P. proteus have not yet been studied on. Burrowing incidence of ball sea cucumber P. proteus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) juveniles (4-5 length x ≤1mm width), growth, survival and their associated daily behaviour were compared in 3 different substrate collected from Sagay, Negros Occ. (A-mostly coarse), Panobolon, Guimaras (B-intermediate) and Carles, Iloilo (C-mostly fine). This was to establish the most suitable type of substrate to use in the culture system for this high-value sea cucumber. The highest incidence of burrowing was observed in sediment profile C but the difference in the mean number of burrowing individuals between treatments was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). After 4 weeks, growth of P. proteus juveniles was significantly higher (p<0.05) when reared on profile C (growth rate: 0.79±.13mm %d-l) than either profile B (p=0.009) (0.34±0.14 mm %d-1) or profile A (p=0.030) (0.21±0.11mm %d-1). Survival is highest in profile B (S=100%), intermediate in profile C and lowest in profile A although the difference is insignificant (p>0.05) Very fine-fine-grained sediments is the most preferred by ball sea cucumber juveniles while coarse sand seems to be unsuitable.